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Superordinate location More general
Hyperonym
Hyponyms city village valley
Co-hyponyms rural area hamlet countryside
More specific
Figure 17. Hyponomic Taxonomy of the “location”
In addition to this English linguist Cruise also give his own opinion about
hyponyms and its analyzing that hyponymy should be treated as a prototype
category, and that taxonyms are central members of the hyponym category. In his
most recent attempt at listing the prototypical features of hyponyms, he includes
the following six, of which the first two are most heavily weighted: Features for
determining the goodness-of-exemplar rating for X is a hyponym of Y:
a)
There is no “categorial incongruity” between
X and
Y.
b)
The truth of A is
X leads to an expectation of the truth of
A is
Y, which
is greater than the reverse expectation.
c)
Expressions of the form an
X is a kind/sort/type/variety of
Y are
normal.
d)
No lexical item
Z is a hyponym of
Y and a superordinate of
X.
e)
The extra specificity that distinguishes
X from
Y is central to the
meaning of
X.
f)
X and
Y match in their non-propositional features (register,
expressiveness, etc.
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We know that this more general term is usually called hypernym or
superordinate in linguistics. Moreover the words related by hyponymy are usually
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