The Past in the Wake of the Mongols
233
point that there is more behind this decision than simply using Classical
Japanese (
yamatokotoba
) to write about
waka
(or
uta
). This point is expli-
cated as part of his larger discussion of Tamekane’s inept and inappro-
priate use of language. Emphasizing the need for suitable and engaging
language, the speaker explains: “Also, although
expressions of inner
thoughts and feelings are all the same, the language (
buntai
) thereof al-
ways varies, from sutras and their commentaries to Confucian texts, pe-
titions to communiqu
é
s, Chinese characters (
mana
) to the syllabary (
kana
),
vernacular tales to Classical Chinese verse. How on earth could
waka
and
vulgar speech use the same [idiom]?!”
106
Here is an echo of the “Fireflies”
argument from the
Genji
discussed in the introduction and chapter
2
that pointed to a clear correlation between form and content, or language
(or even register) and meaning. As with the other
Mirrors
,
Watchman
’s
use of a particular form of Japanese to narrate its teachings is meaning-
ful. Language selection remains a way to “pattern” the message.
107
The
Mirror
metaphor and the engagement with a principle-governed
cosmos it is repeatedly used to suggest also appear in
Watchman
. Admit-
tedly, the first use appears in the midst of Arifusa’s repudiation of Tame-
kane’s poetry and seems relatively free of cosmological portents. At the
end of his criticism of Tamekane’s “poetic form” (
sugata
) is a poem:
108
Samazama ni
Despite
the forms
miyuru sugata mo
variously
reflected in you,
masukagami
clear mirror,
hitotsu omoi no
you have
kake ni zo arikeru.
but a single wish!
109
Considering that this comes in the wake of a charge that Tamekane ne-
glects the proper form, a relatively straightforward reading of this as a
mirror reflecting a (desired) reality is possible.
106.
Nomori no kagami
, 486–87. I have broken the list into what I read as implied
contrasting pairs; the punctuation added to the typeset version is ambiguous.
107. “Pattern” in the sense of
mon
(Chinese
wen
). See the discussion of Kūkai in
“What Is a
Mirror
?” in the introduction.
108. I follow Kimbrough in translating
sugata
as “poetic form” (“
Nomori no kagami
and the Perils,” 102).
109.
Nomori no kagami
, 493.
234
Moving Mirrors
The remaining imagery, however, has obvious Buddhist significance,
which brings
Watchman
back to the rhetorical territory of the earliest
Mir-
rors
. Following his ten-point attack on Zen, Arifusa reminds the reader
that the partnership between the buddhas and the
kami
is what safeguards
Japan, with Ise Shrine as the central site of this cooperation.
110
Ise’s inner
and outer precincts are mapped to the Womb and the Diamond Realms
of Esoteric Buddhism, and a mirror is located in the stream that flows
through the grounds of the shrine.
111
This mirror, the reader is told, “is
the Great Mirror of Perfect Cognition.”
112
Subsequently, Arifusa reminds
the reader that Tendai and Shingon are best suited to “manifesting Bud-
dhist virtue and ensconcing the authority of the gods.”
113
In this way, al-
though the mirror here is not invoked for its specific power to reflect the
past (or even the present), its ability to reveal an ultimate understanding
of reality is nonetheless reaffirmed. Moreover, as Sasaki points out, this
rhetoric replicates the divine country discourse espoused by the court
(which included the idea of divine descent).
114
In this respect, too,
Dostları ilə paylaş: