19.8.1 Channels of Communication:- A channel of communication represents various linking points
that exist between different departments or individuals in the enterprise. It is the path through which
information is transmitted throughout the enterprise. It may be either formal or informal.
19.8.2 Formal Communication:- Formal communication is one which takes place in a formal
organisation structure. It represents the flow of information along the lives of authority formally
established in the organisation. It usually takes the form of written communication.
Merits of formal communication a. It helps in the fixation of responsibility.
b. It helps in maintaining the authority relationship in the organisation.
c. It ensures orderly flow of information.
d. It facilitates control by supervisors by providing timely information.
Demerits of formal communication a. It is time consuming
b. It obstructs free and uninterrupted flow of information
c. It is usually conveyed in an impersonal manner.
19.8.3 Informal Communication or Grapevine Communication:- Informal communication is based
on informal relationship between the two parties the sender and the receiver. Informal communication
is also known as grapevine. It is the primary source of upward communication. It transmits information
about what people are doing. It feels towards a particular situation or thinks about the management.
Prof. Keith Davis has identified four different network for transmitting information via the grapevien.
They are
(i) Single strand
(ii) Gossip chain
(iii) Probability chain
(iv) Cluster chain
(i) Single stand: In the single strand, are person communicates with only one person.
(ii) Gossip chain: In Gossip chain, every member talks with every one else, usually about personal
matter.
