SUBJECTS GRADES 11-12 (WHST)
Text Types and Purposes L11-12WHST1: Write arguments focused on
discipline-specific content. a. Introduce precise, knowledgeable claim(s), establish the significance of the claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from
alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that logically sequences the claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and
evidence.
b. Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly and thoroughly, supplying the most relevant data and evidence for each while
pointing out the strengths and limitations of both claim(s) and counterclaims in a discipline-appropriate form that
anticipates the audience’s knowledge level, concerns, values, and possible biases.
c. Use words, phrases, and clauses as well as varied syntax to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify
the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims.
d. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in
which they are writing.
e. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from or supports the argument presented.
L11-12WHST2: Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/
experiments, or technical processes.
a. Introduce a topic and organize complex ideas, concepts, and information so that each new element builds on that which
precedes it to create a unified whole; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia
when useful to aiding comprehension.
b. Develop the topic thoroughly by selecting the most significant and relevant facts, extended definitions, concrete details,
quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience’s knowledge of the topic.
c. Use varied transitions and sentence structures to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the
relationships among complex ideas and concepts.
d. Use precise language, domain-specific vocabulary and techniques such as metaphor, simile, and analogy to manage the
complexity of the topic; convey a knowledgeable stance in a style that responds to the discipline and context as well as to
the expertise of likely readers.
e. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation provided (e.g.,
articulating implications or the significance of the topic).