Solution:
1
D
2
C
3
B
4
F
5
C
6
A
7
E
8
FALSE
9
TRUE
10
TRUE
11
NOT GIVEN
12
13
B,E
14
iv
15
iii
16
viii
17
ii
18
ix
19
i
20
Collaborative and intffative
21
Tangible
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22
Tailorable
23
Group of people
24
C
25
A
26
A
27
D
28
68 seconds
29
distinction
30
breathing
31
stretch
32
brain
33
E
34
B
35
F
36
D
37
H
38
NOT GIVEN
39
TRUE
40
FALSE
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IELTS Mock Test 2023 June
Reading Practice Test 1
HOW TO USE
You have 2 ways to access the test
1. Open this URL
http://link.intergreat.com/WWQeW
on your computer
2. Use your mobile device to scan the QR code attached
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13
Questions 1-13 , which are based on Reading Passage
1 below.
Ambergris
A The name ambergris is derived from the Spanish “ambar gris”, ambar meaning amber and
gris meaning grey, thus the name signifies grey amber. Theuse of ambergris in Europe is now
entirely confined to perfumery-as a material of perfumery. Its high price varies from$15 to$25
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an ounce, though it formerlyoccupied on inconsiderable place in medicine. Ambergris was also
decoratedandworn as jewelry, particularly during the Renaissance It occupies a very important
place in the perfumery of the East, and there it is also used in pharmacy and as a flavouring
material in cookery.
B Amber, however, is quite a different substance from ambergris and thisdiscrepancy has
puzzled some people. Amber is the fossilized resin from trees that was quite familiar to
Europeans long before the discovery of the New World, and prized for jewelry. Although
considered a gem, amber is a hard, transparent and wholly-organic material derived from the
resin of extinct species of trees. In the dense forests of the Middle Cretaceous and Tertiary
periods, between 10 and 100 million years ago, these resin-bearing trees fell and were carried
by rivers to coastal regions. There, the trees and their resins became covered with sediment,
and over millions of years the resin hardened into amber.
C Ambergris and amber are related by the fact that both wash up on beaches. Ambergris is a
solid, waxy and flammable substance of a dull 2rey or blackish color, with the shades being
variegated 1ike marble. It possesses a peculiar sweet earthy odour not unlike isopropyl alcohol.
It is now known to be a morbid secretion formed in the intestines of the sperm whale, found in
the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Being a very lightweight material, ambergris is found floating
upon the sea, on the sea coast, or in the sand near the sea coast It is met with in the Atlantic
Ocean, on the coasts Of Brazil and Madagascar; also on the coast Of Africa, of the East Indies,
China, Japan, and the Molucca Islands; but most of the ambergris which is brought to England
comes from the Bahama Islands. It is also sometimes found in the abdomen of whales; it is
always in lumps in various shapes and sizes, weighing from 1/ 2 oz. to 100 or more lb. A piece
which the Dutch East India Company bought from the King of Tydore weighed 182 lb. An
American fisherman from Antigua found, Inside a whale, about 52 1eagues south-east from
the Windward Islands, a piece of ambergris which weighed about l 30 lb, and sold for 500
sterling.
D Like many other substances regarding the origin of which there existed some obscurity or
mystery, ambergris in former times possessed a value, and had properties attributed to it, more
on account of the source from which it was drawn than from its inherent qualities. Many
ridiculous hypotheses were started to account for its origin, and among others it was
conjectured to be the solidified foam of the sea, a fungous growth in the ocean similar to the
fungi which form on trees.
E The true source and character of ambergris was first satisfactorily established by Dr.
Swediaur in a communication to the Royal Society. It was found by Dr. Swediaur that
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ambergris very frequently contained the horny mandibles or beaks of the squid, on which the
sperm whales are known to feed. That observation, in connection with the fact of ambergris
being frequently taken from the intestines of the sperm whale, sufficiently proved that the
substance is produced by the whale’s intestine as a means of facilitating the passage of
undigested hard, sharp beaks of squid that the whale has eaten.
F It was further observed that the whales in which ambergris was found were either dead or
much wasted and evidently in a sickly condition. From this it was inferred that ambergris is in
some way connected with a morbid condition of the sperm whale. Often expelled by vomiting,
ambergris floats in chunks on the water and is of a deep grey colour, soft consistence, and an
offensive, disagreeable smell. Following months to years of photo-degradation andoxidation in
the ocean, this precursor gradually hardens, developing a dark grey or black colour, a crusty
and waxy texture, and a peculiar odour that is at once sweet, earthy, marine, and animalist. Its
smell has been described by many as a vastly richer and smoother version of isopropanol
without its stinging harshness.
G In that condition its specific gravity ranges from 0.780 to 0.926. It melts at a temperature of
about 145 F into a fatty yellow resin-like liquid It is soluble in ether, volatile and fixed oils, but
only feebly acted on by acids. By digesting in hot alcohol, a peculiar substance termed ambrein
is obtained. In chemical constitution ambrein very closely resembles cholesterin, a principle
found abundantly in biliary calculi . It is therefore more than probable that ambergris, from the
position in which it is found and its chemical constitution, is a biliary concretion analogous to
what is formed in other mammals.
H The industries founded on ambergris resulted in the slaughter of sperm whales almost to
extinction. Sperm whales were killed in two massive hunts, the Moby Dick whalers who
worked mainly between 1740-1 880, and themodem whalers whose operations peaked in 1
964, when 29,255 were killed. Most recent estimates suggest a global population of about
360,000 animals down from about 1,100,000 before whaling. In the 20th century, 90% of
ambergris was derived in the processing of killing sperm whales. To this day, ambergris is still
the most expensive product in the whole body of sperm whale. Depending on its quality, raw
ambergris fetches approximately 20 USD per gram. In the United States, possession of any part
of an endangered species-including ambergris that has washed ashore-is a violation of the
Endangered Species Act of 1978.
I Historically, the primary commercial use of ambergris has been in fragrancechemistry.
However, it is difficult to get a consistent and reliable supply of high quality ambergris. Due to
demand for ambergris and its high price, replacement compounds have been sought out by the
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fragrance industry and chemically synthesized. The most important of these is Ambrox, which
has taken its place as the most widely used amber odorant in perfume manufacture.
Procedures for the microbial production of Ambrox have also been devised.
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