rin; Riḍvānpaşazāde ‘Abdullāh Çelebi’s Tārīḫ-i Mıṣır; al-Ṣawāliḥī’s Tarācim,
al-‘Ubaydī’s Ḳalā’id al-‘İḳyān, the Zubdat Iḫtiṣār, the so-called Paris Fragment,
İbn al-Wakīl’s Tuḥfat, Aḥmad Şalabī’s Awdaḥ, al-Şarḳāwī’s Tuḥfat al-Nāẓirīn, al-
Cabartī’s ‘Acā’ib al-Āthār, and al-Ḳal‘āwī’s Ṣafwat. However, as it turned out,
these either leave Aḥmed’s tenure unmentioned, or merely fill in some more
details that are less relevant in the present context. In sum, what do we have?
There are Aḥmed’s extensive building activities, his greed and favouritism, an
undated flood, and a punitive expedition against the ‘Azāle Bedouins. For a
governorate of 4 years, the annals are meagre by all means, and it is safe to say
that, if anything, Aḥmed’s tenure proves the paucity of the historiographical
material at hand.
19
Of the handful of items, only that of his building activities
appears to be well documented, and, consequently, has been studied in detail.
Behrens-Abouseif, Hanna, and Kaçan Erdoǧan & Bayrak have all dealt with
his real estate in Egypt and the vaḳf related to it this, the former two working
solely from his Egyptian waḳfīya kept in Egypt’s Daftarḫāna Wizārat al-Awḳāf,
and the latter working on all of his waḳfīyes (in Egypt, Cyprus, Rhodes, İstan-
bul, etc.) kept in Turkey’s Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi
20.
While none of Aḥmed’s
Egyptian real estate seems to have survived, his mosque complex in Istanbul,
financially supported by, among others, his waḳf at Būlāḳ, is discussed by Ey-
ice, Bilge, and Çobanoǧlu.
21
19 In order to fill in the many gaps, archival materials will prove indispensable. See, e.g., Orhon-
lu C., Osmanlı Tarihine Âid Belgeler. Telhîsler (1597-1607) (İstanbul, 1970), passim.
20 Daftarḫāna Wizārat al-Awḳāf, 911, dated 8 Şa‘bān 1003/195; Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi,
Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Arşivi. d, nr. 6972, ff. 2a-45a. See Behrens-Abouseif, Egypt’s Adjust-
ment to Ottoman Rule: Institutions, Waqf, and Architecture in Cairo (Sixteenth-Seventeenth
Centuries); Hanna, An Urban History of Būlāq in the Mamluk and Ottoman Periods; Kaçan
Erdoğan & Bayrak, “Hadım Hafız Ahmed Paşa’nın Mısır’daki Evkafı”.
21 For his külliyet, sometimes wrongly attributed to his near-contemporary namesake, grand
vizier Ḥāfıẓ Aḥmed Paşa, see Bilge, “İstanbul Fatih’deki Hâfız Ahmed Paşa Külliyesi’nin vakfi-
yesi”, pp. 277-330; Çobanoǧlu, “Hâfız Ahmed Paşa Külliyesi”, pp. 492-493; Erünsal, Osmanlı
Vakıf Kütüphaneleri, pp. 150-151; Eyice, “Hâfız Ahmed Paşa Camii ve Külliyesi”, with pictures
of the exterior and the interior of the mosque, and of the inscription; Eyice, “Yok olmaktan
Kurtarılan Bir Eser: İstanbul’da Hafız Ahmed Paşa Külliyesi”, p. 227-330; Soysal, Türk Kütüphâ-
708
Osmanlı’da İlm-i Tasavvuf
Another one of the handful of items that capture Aḥmed’s tenure in Egypt,
one mentioned by Çerkesler Kātibi Yūsuf and İbrāhīm b. Yaḥyā Mollāzāde,
was his tecrīde or punitive expedition against a band of marauding Bedouins.
These ‘Azāle Bedouins are the third and last key player that needs to be intro-
duced.
22
While their history too remains to be written, a fairly clear picture
emerges from the evidence culled from Mamluk and Ottoman, Egyptian and
Arabian sources.
23
As to be expected and as confirmed by the scattered evi-
dence, their relation with the state — Mamluk and then Ottoman — fluctuat-
ed strongly: co-optation wherever possible, open conflict and state repression
if needed. On the one hand, there were the ‘Azāle ‘Urbān
24
. These made their
first appearance in the early days of the sultanate of Ḳāytbāy (r. 1468-1496), as
they nomadized between Buḥayra and the north of Upper Egypt, and centred
on Giza, just southwest of Cairo.
25
On the few occasions they appear in the
Mamluk sources, they are depicted in a negative light. The first to mention
them is al-Ṣayrafī. In the 1468 entry of his chronicle, he calls them ra’s al-sharr
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