COORDINATION OF OROFACIAL AND RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS
BY BRAINSTEM CIRCUITS
Another complex set of behaviors coordinated by circuits in the brainstem involves breathing and
orofacial movements, including whisking, sniffing, licking, swallowing, and chewing (Figure 3).
These behaviors are often temporally tightly coordinated with each other to elicit the desired
movement sequence, e.g., to couple jaw and tongue muscles during eating or drinking (Kurnikova
et al. 2017, McElvain et al. 2018, Naganuma et al. 2001, Welzl & Bures 1977). They also frequently
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Circuits Controlling Action Diversification
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