Land and Water Management patterns in Ferghana Valley
79
Número 25, 2009
main rivers,
Syr-Darya and Amu-Darya,
have their sources in these
two countries, whereas the main consumers of water, Uzbekistan and
Turkmenistan, are located downstream.
The Central Asia region became a victim
of geopolitical rivalry be-
tween Great Britain and Russia at the end of the 19
th
century, and fell
under the influence of the latter. The region was annexed to the Soviet
Union in the early 1920s, and five newly-formed republics, with new,
redrawn
boundaries, emerged in the region.
Central Asia changed dramatically under Soviet rule. The new borders
did not comply with any historical or national legacies. They did not
even respect the basic population distribution, often dividing national
or
ethnic communities, with some of
them automatically becoming
minorities in the neighbouring republics. This also led to complicated
borders which undermined political relations and made economic devel-
opment more difficult.
Otherwise, new social, economic and cultural structures were more or
less successfully introduced. Besides simply extracting natural resources
(mostly energy resources), some parts of the region became an agricul-
tural oasis that produced agricultural goods for the rest of the USSR.
Amongst these agricultural regions was the Ferghana Valley, at present
divided
up between Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.
Dostları ilə paylaş: