189
Has
he read much?
U ko‘p o‘qiganmi?
He hasn’t read
much.
U ko‘p o‘qimagan.
Ammo:
He has read
a lot (a great deal).
U ko‘p o‘qigan.
Much ravishi darak gaplarda
very, rather, too, so, as, how ravishlari
bilan birgalikda kelishi mumkin:
He reads
very much.
U juda ko‘p o‘qiydi.
He
plays football too much.
U juda ko‘p futbol o‘ynaydi.
b)
little ravishi o‘z ma‘nosida xuddi
much kabi darak gaplarda
very,
rather, too, so, as, how ravishlari bilan birga keladi.
Little yuqoridagi
ravishlarsiz kelganda odatda uning o‘rniga
not… much ishlatiladi:
He doesn’t read
much
U kam o‘qiydi. (He reads little.
emas).
She doesn’t speak
much about it
(She speaks little about it deyilmay-
di).
c)
very juda,
too juda, ancha, o‘ta,
so shunday, how qanday ravishlari
sifat yoki ravishni aniqlab keladi:
He is
very clever.
U juda aqlli.
You
are walking too fast.
Siz juda tez yurayapsiz.
He was
so glad to see me.
U meni ko‘rishdan shunday xursand
bo‘ldiki.
How late it is!
Qanday kech bo‘ldi! (Qanchalik
kechikdik!)
Bu ravishlar o‘tgan zamondagi fe’l yoki sifatdoshni aniqlash uchun
mustaqil ishlatilmaydi.
Ular bilan birgalikda much ravishi ham keladi va
o‘zbek tiliga tarjima qilinmaydi:
He was
very much interested in
what I said.
U men aytgan gapga juda qi-
ziqib qoldi.
I was
too much surprised to say
anything.
Men
biror narsa deyishga hay-
ron edim.
I want to see him
so much.
Men uni shunday ko‘rgim ke-
layapti.
You know
how much I like my
work.
Men
ishimni qanchalik yaxshi
ko‘rishimni siz bilasiz.
d)
hardly, scarcely ravishlari
arang, zo‘rg‘a ma’nosida ishlatiladi:
I could
hardly (scarcely) under-
stand him.
Men uni arang tushuna oldim.
190
Hardly va
scarcely ravishlari ko‘pincha
any, anybody, anything,
anywhere, ever so‘zlari bilan birga keladi. Bunda ular o‘zbek tiliga bo‘lishsiz
shaklda …
yo‘q desa ham bo‘ladi, deyarli deb tarjima qilinadi:
There were
hardly (scarcely) any
people in the street.
Ko‘chada deyarli odam yo‘q edi.
There was
hardly (scarcely) any
water in the well.
Quduqda suv yo‘q desa ham bo‘-
lar edi.
I
hardly (scarcely) ever see him.
Men uni deyarli ko‘rmayman.
e)
nearly va
almost qariyb, deyarli ravishlari darak gaplarda ishlati ladi.
Nearly va
almost ravishlari fe’lga aloqador bo‘lib kelganda o‘zbek tiliga
sal
qoldi deb ham tarjima qilinadi.
I have
nearly (almost) fi nished my
work.
Men ishimni deyarli tamomlagan
edim.
I
nearly (almost) made a mistake.
Men xato qilishimga sal qoldi.
I
nearly (almost) fell. Men
yiqilib tushishimga sal qoldi.
Nearly va
almost ravishlari bo‘lishsiz gaplarda ishlatilmaydi.
4.
Holat ravishlari: well yaxshi,
fast, quickly tez, slowly asta, sekin,
quietly tinch, sokin, easily oson va boshqalar.
Bu guruhdagi ravishlarning
ko‘p chiligi sifatga
–ly qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish bilan yasaladi:
Have you rested
well?
Yaxshi dam oldingizmi?
He
came into the room very quick-
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