Fixed costs-remains constant for any level of prod.
Variable costs-varies in proportion to the level of prod.
Let TC = total annual costs (RM/yr), FC = fixed annual costs (RM/yr), VC= variable costs (RM/pc) and Q = annual quantity produced (pc/yr).
Typical Factory Overhead Expenses
J.T Black.
J.T Black.
Industrial Automation
Industrial Automation
The technology by which a process or procedure is accomplished without human assistance.
A technique that can be used to reduce costs and/or to improve quality.
Can increase manufacturing speed, while reducing cost.
Can lead to products having consistent quality, perhaps even consistently good quality
It is implemented using a program of instructions combined with a control system that executes the instructions
To automate a process, power is required, both to drive the process itself and to operate the program and control system.
To automate a process, power is required, both to drive the process itself and to operate the program and control system.
Automated processes can be controlled by human operators, by computers, or by a combination of the two.
Industrial Automation
Automated Assembly lines
Automation is a technique that can be used to reduce costs and/or to improve quality. Automation can increase manufacturing speed, while reducing cost. Automation can lead to products having consistent quality, perhaps even consistently good quality.
Automation is a technique that can be used to reduce costs and/or to improve quality. Automation can increase manufacturing speed, while reducing cost. Automation can lead to products having consistent quality, perhaps even consistently good quality.
OR
Automation is a technology concerned with application of mechanical, electronic and computer-based system to operate and control system. This technology includes;
