Pul to‘g‘risidagi turli XIL nazariyalar va hozirgi zamon pulining tavsifi

Pul to‘g‘risidagi turli xil nazariyalar va hozirgi zamon pulining tavsifi

Reja:

• Kirish
• Pulning metallistik nazariyasi
• Pulning nominalistik nazariyasi
• Pulning miqdoriy nazariyasi
• Hozirgi zamon pulining tavsifi
• Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar

Kirish

pul – bu hamma tovarlarni sotish va sotib olish mumkin bo‘lgan, umumiy ekvivalent rolini o‘ynovchi maxsus tovardir.

• Pulning iqtisodiy mazmunini bilishda uning asosiy nazariyalarini ko‘rib chiqish maqsadga muvofiqdir. Umuman olganda, pulning metallistik, nominalisitik va miqdoriy nazariyalarini farqlash mumkin. Pulning kelib chiqishi va muomalada bo‘lishi metall pullar bilan bog‘liq bo‘lganligi sababli dastlab pulning metallistik nazariyasi vujudga kelgan. Uning asosiy mohiyati pulni nodir metallar (oltin va kumush) bilan ayniylashtirish orqali namoyon bo‘lgan.

!

Pulning metallistik nazariyasi

• Pulning metallistik nazariyasining rivojlanishida merkantilistik maktab namoyandalarining qarashlari muhim o‘rin tutadi. Ular pulning qadr-qimmatini oltin va kumushning tabiiy xossalarida deb bilib, uning tovar mazmunini tan olganlar. Biroq, pulni nodir metallar bilan ayniylashtirish ularning mohiyati va iqtisodiyotdagi roliga noto‘g‘ri baho berish hamda pul fetishizmining rivojlanishiga olib keldi.

Pulning nominalistik nazariyasi

• Pulning nominalistik nazariyasi tarafdorlari metallistik nazariyaga qarshi chiqib, pullarning tovar tabiati hamda ular ichki qiymatini zarurligining o‘zini inkor etadilar. Nominalistlar pulga shartli belgi sifatida qarab, ularning nodir metallar bilan aloqadorligini rad qiladilar. Nominalistik nazariya tarafdorlarining qarashlari o‘rta asrlarda to‘la qiymatga ega bo‘lmagan metall tangalarning muomalaga chiqarilishi bilan paydo bo‘ldi. Ba’zi bir namoyandalar pullar – davlat hokimiyatining mahsuli, shunga ko‘ra faqat davlatgina pullarning qiymatini belgilashi mumkin, degan fikrlarni ilgari surdilar. XX asrning boshlarida, oltin standartning tan olinmasligi, uning bekor qilinishi bilan, nominalistik nazariya yanada rivojlandi.

Pulning Miqdoriy nazariyasi

Pulning miqdoriylik nazariyasida pul ichki qadr-qimmatga ega emas. Pulning qiymati muomaladagi pul miqdori bilan aniqlanadi degan fikr ilgari suriladi.
Hozirgi paytda pul haqidagi nazariyalar ichida miqdoriylik nazariyasi eng obro’li nazariya hisoblanadi. Muomala uchun zarur bo’lgan pul miqdori muammosi kapitalizm rivojlanishining boshlanish davriga borib taqaladi.

Pulning shakllanishi

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Miloddan avvalgi X asr

Birinchi metall pullar va tangalar oddiy metallar yordamida ishlab chiqilgan

Miloddan avvalgi V asr
Shtamplangan tangalar qimmatbaho metallardan yasalgan bo'lib, bugungi zamonaviy tangalarga o'xshaydi
700-800-yillar
Qog'oz banknotlar Xitoyda qo'llanila boshlandi, ammo ular Evropaga tarqalgani yo’q
1950-yil
Birinchi plastik kartochka yaratildi va foydalanildi.
Hozirda
Qog’oz pullar va tangalardan hali ham foydalanilayapti. Lekin elektron puldan foydalanish ko’proq ommalashib bormoqda

Hozirgi zamon pulining shakllanishi

TYPES OF TOKENS

Payment

Used to complete transactions anywhere crypto is accepted

Utility

These tokens have a specific use within a blockchain

Security

Tokens backed by securities

NFT

Authenticates ownership of specific assets

Gaming

Used as in-game currency and traded with real world value

AREAS OF FOCUS

Portfolio diversification

• Develop winning combinations to stay ahead of the market
• Capitalize on direct ownership of digital coins
• Invest in multiple blockchains​

Short and long-term goals

• Create an emergency fund
• Add a second stream of income
• Buy a house
• Supplement retirement fund

HOW TO GET THERE

Strategize

• Do your research and develop a plan with goals
• Diversify your portfolio through coin ownership​
• Follow the markets closely​

Minimize risk

• Be cautious of scams and "too good to be true" scenarios
• Avoid "all-in" strategies

Utilize resources

• Apps and platforms help streamline user experience
• Seek expert guidance from Krypto Logics team members​

MEET OUR TEAM

Takuma Hayashi​

President

Mirjam Nilsson​

Chief Executive Officer

Flora Berggren​

Chief Operations Officer

Rajesh Santoshi​

VP Marketing

SUMMARY

At Krypto Logics, we believe in giving 110%. By using our next-generation data architecture, we help investors virtually manage their portfolios. We thrive because of our market knowledge and great team. As our CEO says, "Efficiencies will come from proactively transforming how we do business."

E’tiboringiz uchun rahmat.