36
New Reflections
Origins of a Genre:
The Great Mirror
and a New
Approach to Writing History
The Great Mirror
is the foundation of the historiographic
Mirror
genre.
Thus, this section examines the key features of narrative setting, history
as subject to principles, and the use of the spoken register to establish the
groundwork upon which later
Mirrors
build.
The Great Mirror
is a work of unknown authorship, and its dating
has proved elusive. Ishikawa T
ō
ru, editor of the edition used for this book,
has argued mostly on the basis of internal textual evidence that the work
might date from roughly 1065–75.
3
Helen McCullough, whose English
translation was first published in 1980, summarizes the scholarly estimates
of likely production as “clustering around the years 1085–1125,” while David
Bialock has more recently drawn on Japanese work positing a range of
1086–1107.
4
As these analyses demonstrate, without a concrete authorial
attribution, it is difficult to suggest a range narrower than the final decades
of the eleventh century.
Things are further complicated by the fact that
The Great Mirror
seems to have initially circulated under diff erent titles. Kat
ō
Shizuko
groups them as follows:
• titles that incorporate the narrator’s [Yotsugi’s] name:
Yotsugi
’
s Tale
,
Old Man Yotsugi’s Tale
,
Yotsugi’s Old Man’s Tale
,
Shigeki and Yotsugi’s
Tale
, and
The Yotsugi Tale
• titles that incorporate “
Great Mirror
”:
The Great Mirror
,
Scrolls of the
Great Mirror
, and
The Great Perfect Mirror
short entry that is found in the Hatakeyama version but not any of the
rufubon
(popular
editions). See ibid., 2:20. For a short introduction to the three complete manuscripts—
the Hatakeyamabon, the Hōsa Bunkobon (the version that is also the basis for the
rufu-
bon
), and the Maedabon—see ibid., 3:622–24. Takehana notes that there is some varia-
tion across the three, but does not go beyond that. For the appended Hatakeyamabon
entry, see ibid., 3:612–14.
3. Ishikawa,
Ōkagami
, 356. But a short time later in the discussion, taking into ac-
count one theory of authorship, he suggests that the earliest end of this range is likely
(ibid., 358).
4. Helen McCullough,
Ōkagami
, ix; Bialock,
Eccentric Spaces
, 167.
Refuge in the Past during the Final Age
37
• titles that combine both:
Yotsugi’s Great Mirror
,
Scrolls of Yotsugi’s
Mirror
5
There is no consensus about why
The Great Mirror
triumphed as the
work’s title. While Kat
ō
, drawing on the theories of Mori Masato, sug-
gests that it was retroactively settled upon after the composition of
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