196
Containing China
To reiterate the second major point of this chapter, the selection of
China as subject matter also enabled (or perhaps necessitated) changes
in the treatment of history. In general, history, or at least Chinese his-
tory, was written as something that was completely distinct from the Japa-
nese present.
In contrast to
The Water Mirror
,
in which the past was
portrayed as having a reach that extended into both the present and future,
in
The China Mirror
the past became a contained object. One corollary
of this containment of the past, in particular when considered together
with the elision of abstract cosmological discourse on the nature of time,
is the solidification of the presentation of the past in
Mirrors
as unidirec-
tional. None of the later
Mirrors
—even the conservative
Clear Mirror
—
inscribes time as anything other than linear.
Perhaps the most significant change wrought by
The China Mirror
,
however, is the departure from a genealogical orientation. The ground-
work for this was arguably laid in
The Water Mirror
, when Tadachika
opted to focus solely on the imperial family: there, genealogy and insti-
tution occupied essentially the same space. Completing this move,
The
China Mirror
chronicles the movement of the mandate of heaven rather
than the generations of any single family. In terms of a constant focus, it
is the history of an institution rather than of its representatives. In sum-
mary, it is a didactic narrative that features the permanence and mobil-
ity of the authority to rule—the mandate—while at the same time illus-
trating the decline of individual imperial (genealogically driven) lines.
Given this, it is tempting to suppose that such an account would have
been of greater appeal to a warrior elite in the east than to readers based
in a court on the wane.
Taken together with the continued use of Chinese-like
kanbun
writ-
ing and the foregrounding of text in
The China Mirror
, these changes
paint a picture in which the subsequent appearance of an “official”
kanbun-
language
Mirror
to recount the founding of the Kamakura
ba-
kufu
makes a great deal of sense. As chapte
r
4 will demonstrate, much as
the early
Mirrors
afforded court writers a way to order the wars and re-
bellions that shook the late twelfth century, their mode of engagement
with the past would again exert an appeal—this time on court and
ba-
kufu
writers alike—in late thirteenth-century efforts to address change
in the wake of the Mongol invasions.
Main texts (in chronological order)
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