108
Deviant by Design
ken up within a generation, all expectations were shaken and new ones
promoted.”
49
Or, as Jien succinctly puts it, “After Retired Emperor Toba’s
death on H
ō
gen 1 (1156).7.2, and after the rebellions arose in Japan, we
had arrived at the age of the warrior.”
50
In the wake of the war, expectations were surely displaced or even
overturned, and it fell to Tadachika and others like him to advance a cos-
mological logic that could anticipate and account for the new expecta-
tions that emerged. Tadachika’s solution was to promote a world of abso-
lute nonabsolutes: there is no beginning or ending in the grand scheme
of things, nor is anything completely one way or the other. As a result,
anything can be used to confirm nearly anything else. Even an event—
such as the eighth-century planting of citrus trees on the recommenda-
tion of a dharma master—that might otherwise seem not particularly
noteworthy is assessed as “a thing felt awesomely meritorious,” thus con-
firming that despite the general threat of decline, good things happen:
nothing is completely terrible.
51
Or, in a negative example, robbers who
burn down Ise Shrine in the reign of Emperor Kanmu (737–806), al-
though mentioned only in passing, attain significance as illustrative of
the truth that “be it now or long ago, there is nothing as perverse as the
human heart.”
52
Ergo, the world has not been in good shape for a while,
and by extension, current bad things are not indicative of the end’s being
nigh. Tadachika’s principle of nothing being absolute is infinitely flexi-
ble. In short, provided that one accepts the logic of the four-
kalpa
world-
view and the idea that there is nothing that is completely one way or the
other, even in the present age of decline, Tadachika’s framework is broad
enough to contain all experience.
53
The real value of this framework lies
in what it enables with regard to the recent events of the civil war, which
I discuss next.
49. Koselleck,
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