printer components, and the quality of the ink and paper used. A
dot matrix printer
, for example, applies
ink via tiny rods striking an ink ribbon, and has a relatively low resolution, typically in the range of 60 to
90 DPI. An
inkjet printer
sprays ink through tiny nozzles, and is typically capable of 300 DPI. A
laser
printer
applies
toner
through a controlled electrostatic charge, and may be in the range of 600 to 1200 DPI.
The DPI measurement of a printer often needs to be considerably higher than the
pixels per inch
(PPI)
measurement of a video display in order to produce similar-quality output. This is due to the limited range
of colors typically available on a printer: most color printers use only four colors of ink, while a video
monitor can often produce several million colors. Each dot on a printer can be one of only four colors,
while each pixel on a video monitor can be one of several million colors; printers must produce additional
colors through a
halftone
or
dithering
process.
The printing process could require a region from four to six dots on each side in order to faithfully
reproduce the color contained in a single pixel. An image that is 100 pixels wide may need to be 400 to 600
dots in width in the printed output; if a 100×100-pixel image is to be printed inside a one-inch square, the
printer must be capable of 400 to 600 dots per inch in order to accurately reproduce the image.
There are some ongoing efforts to abandon the
dpi in favor of the dot size given in
micrometres
(µ m). This
is however hindered by leading companies located in the
USA
, one of the few remaining countries to not
use the
metric system
exclusively. A resolution of 72 dpi for example equals a dot size of about 350 µm, 96
dpi
→
265 µm, 160 dpi
→
160 µm, 300 dpi
→
85 µm, 4000 dpi
→
6.4 µm. Going the other way, 1 µ m
→
25400 dpi, 30 µm
→
850 dpi, 200 µm
→
127 dpi. Note that 25400 = 1 dpi·µm, so dividing 25400 by a
measurement in one of these units gives the measurement in the other unit.
Some have also proposed using
dpcm
.
A 10×10-pixel image on a computer display may require many more than 10×10 printer dots to accurately
reproduce, due to limitations of available ink colors in the printer.
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