Samples per inch
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Samples per inch (
SPI) is a measurement of the resolution of an
image scanner
, in particular the number
of individual
samples
that are taken in the space of one
inch
. It is sometimes referred to as
dots per inch
,
though that term more accurately refers to
printing
resolution. Generally, greater the SPI of a scanner, the
more detailed its reproduction of the scanned object.
Typical consumer-level flatbed scanners are capable of
optical resolution
ranging from 100 to 2400 SPI;
high-end scanners may have an optical resolution of 4800 SPI or more. Many scanners use
interpolation
techniques to achieve a higher effective SPI rating, with some manufacturers offering nearly one million
SPI, though the quality is primarily limited by the optical resolution; interpolated SPI does not provide
additional detail to the scanned image.
Horizontal and vertical SPI ratings may differ for a given scanner; typical flatbed scanners use a horizontal
array of
sensors
that are passed across the bed using an electric
stepper motor
. The density of the array of
sensors determines the horizontal scanning resolution, while the minimum step size of the motor
determines the vertical resolution.
Lines per inch
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Lines per inch (
LPI) is a measurement of
printing
resolution in systems that use a
halftone
screen.
Specifically, it is a measure of how close together the lines in a halftone grid are. Higher LPI indicates
greater detail and sharpness.
Printed
magazines
and
newspapers
often use a halftone system. Typical newsprint paper is not very dense,
and has relatively high
dot gain or color bleeding, so newsprint is usually around 85 LPI. Higher-quality
paper, such as that used in commercial magazines, has less dot gain, and can range up to 300 LPI with
quality glossy paper.
In order to effectively utilize the entire range of available LPI in a halftone system, an image selected for
printing generally must have 1.5 to 2 times as many
samples per inch
(SPI). For instance, if the target
output device is capable of printing at 100 LPI, an optimal range for a source image would be 150 to 200
SPI. Using fewer SPI than this would not make full use of the printer's available LPI; using more SPI than
this would exceed the capability of the printer, and would be effectively lost.
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