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The reasons why effects of FDI are generally assessed as
positive can be summarized as follows: first, FDI speeds the
international diffusion of new Technologies and other
efficiency enhancing intangible assets, such as organizational
skills. Then, FDI in many national markets will stimulate
competition among firms.
The process of supplying capital to a foreign institution,
through a loan or purchase of stock, without sharing in the
institutions management is foreign indirect investment.
In financial circles, individuals or households that own
securities are known as individual investors. Along with them,
there are institutional investors.
Institutional investors are a group of investors who have
funds to invest as a consequence of the conduct of their
business. The group includes insurance companies, banks,
investment trusts, financial and industrial companies.
The past 30 years have witnessed a concentration of
financial power in the hands of institutional investors. In 1990
they controlled over $6 trillion in assets, the majority invested
in common stock and corporate and government bonds.
An investor, when confronted with a list of investment
possibilities, will want to assess the risks and general
advantages and disadvantages connected with putting his or her
Money into this or that security. To receive higher return,
investors must be prepared to accept a higher level of risk.
Trying to limit or minimize the risk investors construct and
diversify port folios and spread their foreign investments
among a number of different countries.
Institutional investors have contributed to development of
new types of investment management techniques, sophisticated
portfolio monitoring, have pioneered the application of
quantitative security valuation techniques, such as dividend
discount models.
In spite of the existing obstacles, recent years have seen a
growing interest of foreign investors in the Russian market.
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