S. M. NƏBİyeva, Ş. H. KƏRİmova f. S
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VOCABULARY
Core ядро , суть; главная, центральная ясас, баш, мяркяз, мащиййят Maximize оптимизировать Сямяряляшдирмяк Guide гид , проводник; вести , направлять бялядчи, апармаг,истигамятляндирмяк Invisible Невидимый Эюрцнмяйян Return возвращение , прибыль гайытма, эялир Return on прибыль (с,от) эялир (дан 2 ) Productive продуктивный , производственный Мящсулдар Input ввод , вводимый ресурс фактор производства дахили вясаит, ещтийат Gratification вознаграждение мцкафат, мцкафатландырма Save спасать , экономить гянаят етмяк, хилас етмяк Savings Сбережения сахлама, йыьма, топлама, гянаят Yield урожай , прибыль; получать прибыль мящсул, эялир, эялир эютцрмяк, ялдя етмяк Consumption Потребление истещлак, ишлятмя, сярф етмя Occur случаться , происходить баш вермяк 137 Underground подземелье ; подземный Йералты Miner Шахтер Шахтачы Safe безопасный Тящлцкясиз Occupation занятие , профессия професийа, мяшьулиййят, вязифя Venture рискованное предприятие тящлцкяли мцяссися Conservative консервативный мцщафизякар (кющнялик тяряфдары) Invent изобретать ихтира, ижад етмяк Delivery доставка , поставка чатдырма, йетирмя Generate производить , вырабатывать щасил етмяк, йаратмаг, истещсал етмяк Mousetrap мышеловка тяля, сичан тяляси Interest интерес , процентная ставка ; интересовать (ся) фаиз, фаиз гоймаг Earning заработок газанж, ямяк щаггы Lender заимодавец , кредитор кредитор, борж верян Lending ссуда , заем, кредит истиграз, борж (пул), кредит Entail влечь за собой, вызывать юз цзяриня эютцрмяк Core aim центральная , главная цель ясас мягсяд Invisible hand невидимая рука эюрцнмяйян ял Put bluntly Грубо говоря кобуд десяк Take risks рисковать , брать на себя риск риск етмяк, риски юз цзяриня эютцрмяк Risk taking риск , принятие риска рискли, тящлцкяли A savings and loan association кредитно - сберегательный союз кредит яманят бирлийи Go broke терпеть финансовый крах малиййя ифласына таб эятирмяк, малиййя итэиси йашамаг Get paid получать выплаты щагг алмаг, юдяниш On average В среднем орта щесабла Rate of return on уровень прибыли (с,от) эялир нормасы (щарданса) 138 Exercise 1. Answer the Questions: 1.What is the core aim of economic activity in a market economy? 2.Where are the highest profits to be found? 3.Where do the capitalists invest a part of today’s income? 4.Why do people take risks? 5.Why do some investors prefer to invest in risky ventures? 6.Why are people willing to pay entrepreneurs? Exercise 2. Бурахылмыш сюзляри мятндян тапыб йериня гойун: Заполните пробелы словами из текста: 1. In a market economy, profits are the _________ aim of economic activities. 2. Those who organize production efforts do so to _________ their income. 3. Their search for profits is _________ by the famous “invisible hand” of capitalism. 4. The highest profits are to be found in ___________ the goods and services that potential buyers most want. 5. Capitalists earn _________ on their efforts by providing three productive inputs. 6. Capitalists are willing to _____ their own personal gratification. 7. Instead of consuming all their ___________ today, they save some of today’s income. 8. They invest those _________ in activities that will yield goods and services in the future. 9. These future goods and services will _________ profits that can then be used. 139 10. This money can be used to finance ___________ or additional investment. Exercise 3. Give the Azerbaijan and Russian equivalents of the phrases 1. the core aim of economic activities 2. to try to do sth. 3. invisible hand of capitalism 4. to be found in producing the goods 5. a potential buyer 6. to earn a return on one’s efforts 7. to save income 8. to invest the same savings in activities 9. to finance additional investment 10. to make a profit 11. to loose one’s wealth 12. to invest in risky ventures 13. the better delivery of old product 14. to generate profits 15. to invent a “better” mousetrap 16. to require profit 17. to generate responsibility Exercise 4. Match the definitions of the words 1. core a. a the money that you earn for the work that you do 2. potential b. to produce or design smth that has not existed before 3. savings c. a business project or activity, especially one that involves taking risks 4. risky d. a person or an organization that lends money 5. venture e. money that you have saved, especially in a bank 6.invent f. the central part of an object 140 7. lender g. that can develop into smth or be developed in the future 8. earnings h. involving the possibility of smth bad happening Exercise 5. Цч вариантдан (а, б, ж) дцзэцн оланы сечин: Из трех вариантов продолжения предложения (a, b, c ) выберите правильный: 1. Those who organize production efforts do so a) to finance consumption; b) to maximize their income; c) to perform a dangerous job. 2.When sold, these future goods and services will yield profits that a) lose their wealth and become poorer; b) mean the payment for delayed gratification; c) can then be used to finance consumption or additional investment. 3. The entrepreneur, by inventing a new product or process, or by organizing the better delivery of old product a) generates profits; b) provides capital by not consuming; c) generates responsibility. Exercise 6. Translate the text SHARE CAPITAL AND DEBT Capital is the money that a company uses to operate and develop. There are two main ways in which a company can raise capital, that is find the money it needs: it can use share capital or loan capital,from investors. These are people or organizations who invest in the company: theyput money in hoping to make more money. Share capital is contributed by shareholders who put up money and hold shares in the company. Each share represents ownership of a small proportion of the company. 141 Shareholders receive periodic payments called dividends, usually based on the company’s profit during the relevant period. Capital in the form of shares is also called equity. A venture capitalist is someone who putsup money for a lot of new companies. Loan capital.Investors can also lend money,but then they do not own a small part of the company. This is loan capital, and an investor or a financial institution lending money in this way is a lender. The company borrowing itis the borrower and may refer to the money as borrowing or debt. The total amount of debt that a company has is its indebtedness. The sum of money borrowedis the principal. Thecompany has to payinterest, a percentage of the principal, to the bor- rower,whether it has made a profitinthe relevant period or not. Security.Lending to companies is often in the form of bonds or debentures, loan with special conditions. One condition is thatthe borrower must have collateral or security: that is , if the borrower cannot repay the loan, the lender can take equipment or property, and sell it in order to get their money back.. Thismay be anasset whichwas bought with the loan. Leverage.Many companies have both loan and share capital. The amount of loan capital that a company has in relation to its share capital is its leverage. Leverage is also called gearing inBrE. A company witha lot ofborrowing in relation to its share capital is highly leveraged or highly geared. A company that has difficulty in making payments on its debt is overleveraged. 142 It is interesting to know. Which word? Actual /current/ present/affect/effect Actual does not mean current or present. It means “real” or “exact” For ex. I need the actual figures, not an estimate Present – ‘existing or happening now’. For ex. How long have you been in your present job? Current also means existing or happening now; but can suggest that the situation is temporary: For ex: The factory can’t continue its current level of production. Affect verb= to have an influence on smb /smth For ex. Does television affect children’s behavior? Effect noun= result, influence For ex. Does TV have an effect on children’s behavior? Effect verb is formal and means “to achiever produce”. 143 LESSON 19 PROFITS(continue) The fruit of successful market competition takes the form of profits. By introducing new goods, new technology, or new forms of organization, or by finding new markets or new sources of raw material, entrepreneurs can earn profits. The lure of profits inspires alertness, creativity, judgment, and risk taking. Similarly, workers who perform better will, all other things being equal, get bigger raises and more promotions. The pursuit of profits, in the two hundred years since the industrial revolution, has changed the world in many respects. The horse and wagon have been replaced by the railroad, the automobile, and the airplane. The open-hearth fire has yielded to the electric stove and microwave oven. The telephone wire and the electromagnetic wave transmit news that previously traveled by ship or pony. The competitive process that has brought about these enormous changes is governed by rules that, taken collectively, are called the market economy or the system of private property. This system recognizes the right of each person to use his property as he sees fit, and to keep the fruits of his labor. This leaves the worker free to pursue the occupations for which he thinks himself or herself best suited. It leaves the entrepreneur free to explore new forms of production. Despite its importance to modern economic life, competition is not the be-all and end-all of economic activity. The modern market economy is as much a system of cooperation as it is a system of competition. Within the family and within the firm, between the customer and the supplier, we cooperate to achieve our ends. This cooperation is as vital as competition to a productive economy. 144 VOCABULARY Fruit фрукт , плод мейвя, бящря Raw сырье ; сыревые ( материалы) хаммал Lure приманка тяля йеми (мяж) жазибя Inspire вдохновлять рущландырмаг, щявясляндирмяк Alertness бдительность , внимательность диггят, етина, илтифат, сайыглыг, айыглыг Creativity творческие способности йарадыжылыг габилиййяти Perform совершать , действовать ижра етмяк, фяалиййят эюстярмяк Promotion продвижение (товара; по службе ) ирялиляйиш, ирялилямя (ярзаг, хидмятдя) Pursuit преследование (цели) тягиб етмя, далынжа дйшмя, чатма (мягсядя) Respect отношение , уважение мцнасибят, щюрмят Replace заменять , замещать дяйишмяк, йерляшдирмяк Hearth очаг ожаг (мяж) мянбя, йува Wave волна Дальа Transmit передавать вермяк, ютцрмяк, кечирмяк Enormous огромный бюйцк, чох Govern управлять идаря етмяк Rule правило , закон гайда, ганун Fit соответствовать , подходить ; соответствующий , подходящий йарашмаг, уйьун эялмяк, мцнасиб Pursue следовать , преследовать излямяк, далынжа дцшмяк Vital жизненно важный мцщцм ящямиййятли Raw material сырье хаммал Taken взятые вместе бирэя эютцрцлмцш, 145 collectively гябул едилмиш Keep the fruits хранить плоды бящрясини горуйуб сахламаг, мцщафизя етмяк Leave free оставлять возможность сярбяст бурахмаг Best suited лучше всего соответствующий ян йахшы уйьун эялян, яла уйьунлашдырылмыш Be-all суть мащиййят, мяьз End-all главная цель ясас мягсяд Exercise 1. Answer the Questions: 1. What form does the fruit of successful market competition take? 2.How can entrepreneurs earn profits? 3.What do workers who perform better, get? 4.What have the horse and wagon been replaced by? 5.What has the open-hearth fire yielded to? 6.What does the system of private property recognize as the right of each person? 7.What is the worker left free to pursue? 8.Why cannot competition be called the be-all and end-all of economic activity? 9.Why do we cooperate? 10. Why is cooperation vital to a productive economy? Exercise 2. Бурахылмыш сюзляри мятндян тапыб йериня гойун: Заполните пробелы словами из текста: 1. By introducing new goods or new forms of organization entrepreneurs can _________ profits. 2. The lure of profits ________ alertness, creativity, judgment, and risk taking. 3. Similarly, workers who perform better will, all other things being ____, get bigger raises and more promotions. 4. The pursuit of profits has changed the world in many __________ . 146 5. The horse and wagon have been ________ by the railroad and the automobile. 6. The open-hearth fire has _________ to the electric stove and microwave oven. 7. The competitive process has brought about these _______ changes. 8. This system ____ the right of each person to use his property as he sees fit. 9. This leaves the worker free to pursue the occupations for which he thinks himself best __________. 10. It leaves the entrepreneur free to __________ new forms of production. Exercise 3. Give the Russian and Azerbaijanequivalents of the phrases. 1. the fruit of successful market competition 2. to earn profit 3. an open-hearth fire 4. electromagnetic wave 5. to recognize the right of each person 6. to keep the fruits of one’s labor 7. to leave smb. free 8. to explore new forms of production 9. to be the be-all and end-all of economic activity 10. to be a system of cooperation and competition 11. to cooperate to achieve one’s ends 12. to inspire creativity 13. to perform better will 147 Exercise 4. Match the definitions of the words 1. raw a. the act of doing smth. together or of working together towards a shared aim 2. alertness b. to pass smth from one person to another 3. pursuit c. the quality of being important 4. transmit d. in its natural state; not yet changed, used or made into smth, else 5. importance e. the act of following or chasing smb. 6. cooperation f. aware of smth, especially a problem or danger Exercise 5. Цч вариантдан (а, б, ж) дцзэцн оланы сечин: Из трех вариантов продолжения предложения (a, b, c ) выберите правильный: 1. By introducing new goods or new forms of orga- nization, entrepreneurs a) can earn profits; b) have been repla- ced by the railroad; c) keep the fruits of his labor. 2. This system recognizes the right of each person a) to explore new forms of production; b) to use his property as he sees fit; c) to travel by ship or pony. 3. The modern market economy is as much a system of cooperation as it is a) the electric stove and microwave oven; b) the form of profits; c) a system of competition. Exercise 6. Жцмляляри Инэилис дилиня тяржцмя един Переведите предложения на Английский язык 1. Сходным образом рабочие, которые лучше рабо- тают , станут, при прочих равных составляющих, получать более высокие прибавки. 2. Приманка, которую представляет собой прибыль, пробуждает внимание, творческие способности, способ- ность к суждению и принятию рискованных решений. 3. Плоды успешной рыночной конкуренции обретают форму прибыли. 148 4. Эта система признает право каждого человека исполь- зовать свою собственность так, как он считает необходимым. 5. Огонь в открытом очаге уступил место элект- рической плите и микроволновой печи. 6. Эта система предоставляет рабочему свободу искать зан- ятие , к которому, как он полагает, он более всего приспособлен. 7. Эта система дает предпринимателю возможность исследоваь новые способы производства. 8. Телефонный провод и электромагнитная волна передают новости, которые до этого путешествовали с по- мощью кораблей или лошадей. 9. Несмотря на свою важность для современной экономической жизни, конкуренция не является сутью и конечной целью экономическойдеятельности. 10. Эта кооперация столь же жизненно важна для продуктивной экономики, как и конкуренция. *** 1. Ейни цсулла йахшы ишляйян ишчиляр даща йцксяк ялавя эялир алажаглар. 2. Мянфяяти юзцндя ифадя едян жялбедижилик, йарадыжылыг габилиййяти, рискли гярарларын мцзакиря едилмяси вя гябулу габилиййяти, мараг ойадыр. 3. Мцвяффягиййятли базар рягабятинин бящряси мянфяят формасыны ялдя едир. 4. Бу систем щяр бир инсанын юз мцлкиййятиндян юзцнцн истядийи кими истифадя етмяк щцгугунун важиблийини тясдиг едир. 5. Ачыг ожагда олан од юз йерини електрик плитясиня вя микродальалы собайа верди. 6. Бу систем ишчийя юзцнцн щесаб етдийи, даща чох вярдиш етдийи иш ахтармаг цчцн сярбястлик верир. 7. Бу систем сащибкара истещсалын йени цсулларыны ахтарыб тапмаг имканы верир. 8. Телефон мяфтили вя електромагнит дальасы йени хябярляр верир, щансы ки, индийядяк эямилярин йахуд атларын кюмяйи иля мейдана эялирди. 9. Мцасыр игтисади щяйат цчцн важыб олмасына бахмайараг рягабят игтисади фяалиййятин мащиййяти вя сон мягсяди дейилдир. 149 10. Бу кооперасийада рягабят кими мящсулдар игтис- адиййат цчцн щяйат гядяр важибдир. It is interesting to know. Describing organizations An organization may be a business, a company, an institution, a club or a group of people who work together for a Yüklə 1,26 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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