Science and Education in Karakalpakstan issn 2181-9203 Science Magazine chief editor

Science and Education in Karakalpakstan. 2023 №2/1 ISSN 2181-9203 
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the 20th century with its structure, territorial scope, breadth of thematics and amazing scientific 
innovations [3.148B.]. 
The development of speleotourism not only trains young people, but also brings great 
benefits in practice. Because studying the formation of underground water, its composition, useful 
and harmful substances for humans, and where it is polluted by studying the complex underground 
paths became important in training instructors for speleotourism. 
During the Soviet era, the caves containing real stone and various crystals were completely 
destroyed as a result of the ruthless extraction by tourists. An example of this is the Qorliq and 
Gunjak caves. Although cave pearls are not found in more than 1,500 caves in Central Asia, the 
discovery of cave pearls in caves near Khumsan increased the interest of even foreigners in Central 
Asian caves[7.50B.]. Mountain mummy is widely distributed mainly in caves, and its annual yield 
is from 05 to 1 ton. The walls of the mummy cave were covered with a thickness of 1 to 1.5 
millimeters, and Onaoldi cave was considered a mummy cave. The mummy contained about 20 
elements [7.55B.]. 
In 1968, the type of speleotherapy appeared, and the treatment of patients with cave air was 
established. The main reason is that the air of some deaf caves and salt mines is free from harmful 
dust, disease-causing bacteria and allergies, is highly ionized, rich in trace elements, low noise, 
moderate temperature, pressure and humidity. In caves, there is more oxygen than outside, which 
allows you to breathe. Cave air is unlike any climate on Earth. Caves have been widely used in the 
treatment of respiratory and body diseases. Among such caves, Khojaipok cave, 28 km from 
Boysun, can be cited as an example. According to M. Khoshimov, who studied the cave in detail, 
the cave is made of limestone, and the height of the entrance is 3.5 meters. The length of the cave is 
240 meters, and 30 meters from the mouth of the cave there is hot water full of sulfur. The 
temperature of the water and the cave is 14 degrees. Local residents have been using it to treat skin 
diseases. During the Soviet Union, the development of speleomedicine began in the 1970s[7.60B.]. 
There are also "holy" caves in the republic, which are glorified as "progressive". One of 
them is "Chillamozor" cave in Kuva district of Fergana region, Davud cave in Sovetabad district of 
Samarkand region, 2 meters wide and 12 meters long. The indentations in the rocks at the entrance 
of the cave are considered to be the handprints of the prophet David. Temirchi has become a 
"favorite" place for car drivers[8.30B.]. 
Khojaipok cave is one of the "holy" caves in Shorchi district of Surkhandarya region, 
located 1100 meters above sea level. The entrance is 3.5 meters high, 7 meters wide, and 240 
meters long[8.34B.]. The mineral water found in the Khojaipok cave is considered the same as the 
waters of Matsesta, Pyatigorsk, Esintuki, Sernovodsk. The first cave sanatorium in the Union was 
founded in 1968 in Solovoto cave[8.35B.]. 
Since the 1970s, the number of tourists visiting Uzbekistan's caves has increased in the 
summer months. Tourists are mainly from Khojakent, Obirahmat, Kalmaqchupungur, Fergana and 
Andijan region Chilustun, Imomota, Gipsli, Devayrom, Samarkand, Kashkadarya, Khojaipok, 
Surkhandarya region, Amir Temur, Kaptarkhana, Surkhob, Hazrati Davud, Tomchi ota, Kochgorli, 
Ettikiz, Kattaopa, Kiyikkamar in Andijan region. , Amonko'ton caves left a great impression on 
tourists. The trips to the caves were very irregular and caused a lot of damage to the caves. The 
formations inside the caves were broken and destroyed. Polluted with waste. Scenes disappeared as 
a result of travelers breaking them in order to take souvenirs from the cave[2.99B.]. 
Gunjak cave in Samarkand region was one of the most beautiful caves in the Soviet Union. 
However, after the onyx finds were found in the cave, a 40-meter tunnel was dug into it, and the 
beauty of the nature formed over thousands of years was destroyed. The use of marble onyx in the 
cave has aroused great interest among travelers here. As a result of carelessness, many onyxes were 
broken for souvenirs, souvenir enthusiasts carved various scars on the wonders of nature with pigs 

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