Science and Education in Karakalpakstan issn 2181-9203 Science Magazine chief editor

Science and Education in Karakalpakstan. 2023 №2/1 ISSN 2181-9203 
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and carved their name. Amonqo'ton cave in Samarkand region has also fallen into this situation. It 
is a pity that the feeding of the springs coming to the surface of the earth from the springs here has 
led to aggravation of sanitary conditions[2.100B.]. 
To go on a speleotourism trip, a tourist must know how to swim, taking into account the presence of 
water under the cave. "Speleotourism" courses have been launched at the Faculty of Geography of 
Samarkand State University, and all facilities have been created for the development of this 
type[7.12B.]. 
Since 1955, preferential coupons have been introduced for speleotourism travelers[9.]. The 
result of the sociological researches carried out in the 60s of the 20th century showed that 27.1% of 
tourists were interested in speleotourism[10.444B.]. In 1947, D.Lev explored the Amonkoton cave 
in the south of the city of Samarkand, near the Takhtakoracha pass, in 1952, the Takalisoi cave 50 
km southeast of the city of Samarkand[11.3B.], and M.Jorakulov explored the Gordara cave in the 
Urgut region[12.]. 
In 1977, in order to develop speleotourism in Uzbekistan, the national teams of Navoi, 
Angren, Samarkand, Fergana, Bukhara, Surkhandarya and Samarkand tourist clubs took part in 
Mount Fan [13.]. In 1977, the feature film "Mountains are my love" was produced in order to 
promote speleotourism. Photo exhibitions "Tbilisi 1975" were also organized[14.]. In 1979, the 
members of the speleotourism club of Uzbekistan "Spartak" KSJ, M. Musin, E. Razkazov, V. 
Temoshenko, N. Gordin, V. Sogi, reported to the general public through the press [15.205B.]. 
Amonkoton cave located in the Amonkoton mountains of Samarkand region, Selingur caves located 
in the Fergana valley are of interest to tourists as the settlements of ancient people. Amir Temur 
cave located on the southern slope of Karatepa mountain, Kelsi caves in Chakilkalon mountains are 
also interesting for tourists. 
In the mountains of Central Asia, there are images of a rhinoceros, a mammoth, a man, a 
horse, a bull, a dog, a fox, a pig and gazelle, a bow and arrow, and a mountain goat on the 
Zarautsoi, Khortakasoi and Sariyoz rocks belonging to the Mesolithic period. The pictures are 
disappearing one by one, tourists have left their signatures on the surface of the pictures with stones 
and metal objects, and the pictures have been damaged by unfavorable weather conditions 
[16.53B.]. The paintings of Suratlisoi of Fergana region were discovered by the archaeologist M. 
Voronets in 1939 from the northern slopes of the Olay mountains. More than 500 paintings belong 
to the Eneolithic period and are made in simple line style with stone, brass and iron. There are 
human and animal images[17.301B.]. In 1970-71, archaeologist A. studied by Kabirov. More than 
1,000 paintings are decorated with hammered stoneware from the Late Bronze Age. Various scenes 
of armed men hunting wild animals, performing religious rituals, many people, wild and domestic 
animals, various objects are depicted. Unique rock paintings on the western slopes of the Chatkal 
mountain range depict a man, a dog, an ox, an arghar, a mountain goat, a deer, and a horse. The 
image of three women found in Khojakent is unique for the Neolithic period[18.]. 
Zarautsoy's paintings work on ungir and belt stones in the gorge of the Kohitang mountain in 
the southwest of the Hisar mountain range of the territory of Uzbekistan is an example of primitive 
art [19.]. More than 200 paintings in the Zarautsoi gorge depict the scene of people hunting wild 
bulls with the help of dogs. Images carved into the stone with a red cut were found [20.11B.]. More 
than 246 primitive paintings were not all drawn at the same time, some images were stacked on top 
of each other[21.]. 
Pishaghar cave is located 100 meters above the Akbulok gorge of Pishaghar village. The 
mouth of the cave, which is 4 meters high and 6 meters wide, is filled with remains of torches and 
empty bottles left by tourists. The inside of the cave begins to widen after a narrow passage of 8-10 
meters [22.40B.]. Local history tourist P. from Ferghana. As a result of traveling through the caves 
of the Okhna Valley, Konoplya explored the Kyzyli bulak, Khojagair caves in 1955[23.96B.]. 

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