Science and Education in Karakalpakstan issn 2181-9203 Science Magazine chief editor

Science and Education in Karakalpakstan. 2023 №2/1 ISSN 2181-9203 
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The issue of the ratio of Latin elements in classical borrowings of Old English period is 
poorly covered in the works of foreign linguists, not considering the Greek borrowings separately 
from Latin. Many terms which came to the English language from Latin were borrowed before by 
the latter from the Old Greek language, especially it is characteristic of the terms concerning a 
science and art. 
. 
'Church', 'devil', 'angel', 'priest', however, it is possible with confidence to confirm that they 
penetrated into the English language from Latin and in the Latin form. To number of words of the 
Greek origin came to the Old English language from Latin Skeat refers the terms: 'alms', 'anthem', 
'apostle', 'archbishop', 'capon', 'Christ', 'clerk', 'comb', 'deacon', 'dish', 'martyr', 'mint', 'monk', 'palm', 
'peace', 'pepper', 'phenix', 'plum', 'psalm', 'school', 'stole', 'tippet', 'trout' etc. - only 38 terms. [4;438-
439].
From the time of adoption of Christianity up to the Norman Conquest passed over five 
centuries. Thus during all the Old English period the Latin terms gradually penetrated into the 
English language. 
Baugh divides Latin borrowings of the second period into two groups, more or less equal 
by the number, but different by the character. One group represents the terms phonetic form of 
which testifies that they refer to the early borrowings. These terms are observed already in the texts 
of epoch of the king Alfred. The terms referred to the second group of borrowings, which for the 
first time are used in the texts of X-XI in the majority, belong to the religious lexicon. [5;98]. 
The common terms cap «шапка», silk «шелк», mat «матрас», «циновка» are included 
widely into the structure of Latin borrowings of the first group. The influence of the Latin language 
on the English lexicon carried all-round and various character and covered the various parts of the 
life of Anglo-Saxons.In the Old English language the Latin names of trees, plants and 
grasses(frequently cultivating for the medical purposes and for an ornament), for example, aloewe 
«алоэ». Aloes < lat. Aloe, balsam, balm < lat.balsamum< other Greek.balsamon, lawor «лавр», 
modern. Laurel < lat.Laurus lillie «лилия», modem Lily < lat. Lilium < old Greek .leirion, palma, 
paelm «пальма» modem, ‘palma’ < lat. Palma, rose “a rose” <.lat rosa < old Greek rhodon.
Some terms of the first group are the names of plants serving as the food, for example. 
‘саиг, ‘саг, ‘cawel’, ‘cabbage’ modem, ‘cole’ < lat. ‘caulis’; ‘cucumber’ “a cucumber” <.lat. 
‘cucumer’, ‘lactuce’ “salad”, modem, ‘lettuce’, ‘persic’ - “peach” modem, ‘peach’ lat. ‘persicum’. 
It is necessary to note also the group of terms being the names of animals, with which 
Anglo-Saxons have got acquainted, reading the works of the Latin literature: ‘camel’, “camel” 
. ‘camelus’, vulgar.lat. ‘camellus’ < other of Greek, ‘kamelos’, ‘cancer’ “the crab”, ‘crawfish’ 
< lat, ‘cancer’, ‘fenix’ «феникс» c.lat, ‘phoenix’ < other of Greek, ‘phoinix’. ‘leo’ «лев», modem, 
‘lion’ < lat ‘leo’ < other of Greek, ‘leon’ ‘lopust’, modem, ‘locust’ < lat. iocusta’ has changed 
under influence of other English ‘loppestre’, modem, ‘lobster’; ‘pard’ modem, ‘leopard’ < lat. 
‘pardus’; < other of Greek ‘pardos’. probably, Persian origin. 
A group of terms is borrowed from the sphere of education and study, science and 
literature: ‘canon’ “rule”, “canon” < lat, canon < ‘kanon’; ‘carte’ “paper”, “card” < lat, ‘charte’ < 
other of Greek ‘khartes’, ‘cranic’ “chronicle”, modem, ‘chronicle’ < lat. ‘chronica’ other of Greek, 
‘khronikon’; ‘fers’ “a verse”, modem, ‘verse’ < lat. ‘versus’; ‘grammatik’ “grammar” modem, 
‘grammar’ < lat. ‘gramatike’.not - estimation, modem ‘note’ lat- ‘nota’ ‘notere’ - «переписчик», 
modem ‘notary’ lat. ‘notarius’, ‘paper’, modem, ‘paper’-lat. ‘papirus’ and others of Greek 
‘papuros’, «философ» -lat. ‘philosophus’ other of Greek ‘philosophos’, ‘pigment’ - «пигмент» -
lat. ‘pigmentium’, ‘scol’ - ‘school’, modem, ‘school’ - ‘schola’ other of Greek, ‘skholes’ ‘termen’ - 
nominated ‘term’ <.lat, ‘terminus’, ‘studdian’ “to look behind somebody”, “to care” < lat. 
‘studere’; ‘titol’ “title”, “inscription” to music and art, for example: ‘antefn’ «гимн», modem, ‘anthem’ < later lat. ‘antefana’, ‘char’ 

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