Stylistic classification of the english vocabulary

c) Oxymoron

Oxymoron, too, is based on the interaction of logi­cal and emotive meanings. It presents a combination of two contrasting ideas. E.g.:

A pleasantly ugly face, a faithful traitor, low skyscraper, sweet sorrow, horribly beautiful.

The oxymoron reveals the contradictory sides of one and the same phenomenon. One of its components disclo­ses some objectively existing features or quality, while the other one serves to convey the author's personal attitude towards the same object.

If the primary meaning of the qualifying word chan­ges or weakens, the stylistic effect of oxymoron is lost. This is the case with what were once oxymoronic combi­nations, as for example: awfully nice, awfully glad, terrib­ly sorry and the like, where the words "awfully", "terrib­ly" have lost their primary logical meaning and are now used with emotive meaning, only as intensifiers.

Sometimes the tendency to use oxymoron is the mark of certain literary trends and tastes. There are poets in search of new shades of meaning in existing words, who make a point of joining together words of contradictory meaning. "Two ordinary words may become almost new', writes V.V.Vinogradov , "if they are joined for the first ti­me or used in an unexpected context". Thus "peopled de­sert"; "populous solitude" (Bayron) are oxymoronic.

Not every combination of words should be regarded as oxymoron, because new meanings developed in new combinations do not necessarily give rise to opposition.

Rather often oxymorons are met within a simile. E.g: He was gentle as hell.

An oxymoron always exposes the author's subjective attitude. In such cases two opposite ideas very naturally repulse each other, so that a once created oxymoron is practically never repeated in different contexts and so does not become trite, always remaining a free combi­nation.

As soon as an oxymoron gets into circulation it loses its most characteristic feature of bringing two opposite ideas together and becomes a phraseological unit. In oxy­morons "awfully nice", "pretty bad", "mighty small" the first components have actually lost their logical meanings and are used with emotive meanings as a mere synonym to "very", only as intensifiers.

Such traditional combinations have no power to dis­close the contradictory nature of the described pheno­menon, which is characteristic of oxymoron, they lose their stylistic importance for the writer uses them only in direct speech of nis personages to characterize them thro­ugh their speech.

The stylistic effect is based on the fact that the deno- tational meaning of the attribute is not entirely lost. If it had been lost, the word combination would resemble those attributes with only emotional meaning such as: It's aw­fully nice of you, I'm terribly glad.

Oxymoron as a rule has the following structural mo­dels: adjective + noun, adverb + adjective.
4. Interaction of Logical and Nominal Meanings