Table of contents introduction

3.3. Assessment of factors affecting population migration

Our republic is selected worldwide as a country with the largest number of internal migrants. At the international level, more than 95% of migrants are citizens of other countries, while more than two-thirds of migrants in our country are internal migrants who were forced to change their place of residence within the country as a result of occupation. It should be noted that more than nine out of ten migrants living in our country are Azerbaijanis by nationality.

Prof. According to Muradov, the factors influencing the process of population migration are reflected in living standards. In other words, the economist concludes that the factors affecting the living standards of the population are the same as the factors affecting the migration of the population, and make the following classification [42, p.409-410]: 1. Economic factors (amount of wages; labor and living standards of the population) conditions; price, cost of goods and services; level of mechanization and automation of production, income from personal yard and individual field

quantity; amount of income from social production and entrepreneurship, etc.).

2. Natural conditions and geographical factors (climate; landscape and elastic appearance; development of the region and the degree of adaptation of the population to local conditions; proximity to major cities and industrial centers, etc.).

3. Demographic and ethnic factors (natural population movement; population composition).

4. Ethnic characteristics of the population (historical migration tendency of each nation, people and ethnic groups, the degree of assimilation in national formation; the degree of development of inter-ethnic relations, etc.).

5. Features of settlement (dense or sparse settlement of the population; size of settlements; functional development of settlements; transformation of settlements).

6. Cultural and living conditions (volume and quality of residential buildings; landscaping; availability of services for children and infants; level of medical services; level of trade services; level of household and communal services, etc.).

7. Lifestyle and sociological conditions (work schedule and amount of leisure time; opportunities for employment and career advancement; opportunities to broaden your horizons; opportunities to get married, etc.).

Sometimes, describing the factors influencing the migration of the population as stimulating factors, it is recommended to include the following [19, p.90-91]:

1) Geographical factors (border areas, climate, connection with other areas,

infrastructure communications);

2) Socio-demographic factors (population density, population composition, employment, etc.);

3) Production indicators (large industrial production, development of medium and large enterprises, speed and dynamics of economic growth rates);

4) Factor of social activity (level of development of civil society institutions, existence of national-cultural associations, social initiative, level of territorial self-government);

5) National, religious and cultural factors (existence of local religious denominations, existence of popular places of worship, places of worship, sphere of influence of religious communities);

6) Political factors (political interests, worldviews, political activity, state-society relations, etc.);

7) Ethno-national factors (existence of a historically formed type of public relations, mentality of a specific local population, etc.);

8) Household factor (specific features of household behavior, household organization traditions, social infrastructure);

9) Natural-ecological factors (specially protected natural monuments, zones, reserves, parks, etc.);

10) Cultural factors (patriotism, attachment to the homeland, ideas about the humanitarian mission, the existence of sustainable forms of national and cultural unity, etc.).

In our opinion, it would be more appropriate to group the factors affecting population migration as follows:

1. Macroeconomic processes: GDP growth, wages, inflation, investment activity, the level of demand for goods, taxes collected, remittances from migrants; working and living conditions of the population.

2. Labor market: the level of unemployment, the state of labor supply and demand, the state of competition for jobs among the local population and migrants.

3. Employment: structural changes in the field of employment (by specialty, by sector of the economy), the number of labor resources.

4. Microeconomic processes: evaluating the effectiveness of business trips; living standards of households.

5. Hidden processes: the level of the shadow economy, the level of illegal employment.

6. Social policy: expenditures on the reception and social adaptation of migrants, their social security, creation of additional infrastructure, reform of pension systems.

7. Natural conditions and geographical factors: climate, landscape and elastic appearance, the degree of adaptation of the region and the adaptation of the population to local conditions, proximity to major cities and industrial centers, etc.

8. Demographic and ethnic factors: natural population movement; population composition.

9. Ethnic characteristics of the population: historical migration tendency of each nation, people and ethnic groups, the degree of assimilation in national formation; the degree of development of inter-ethnic relations, etc.

10. Features of settlement: dense or sparse settlement of the population; size of settlements; functional development of settlements; settlement transformation.

11. Cultural and living conditions: volume and quality of residential buildings; landscaping of the settlement; availability of child and infant service facilities; level of medical service; level of trade service; level of household and communal services, etc.

12. Lifestyle and sociological conditions: work schedule and amount of leisure time; opportunities for employment and professional advancement; opportunities to expand the worldview; opportunities to get married, etc.

13. Production indicators: large-scale industrial production, development of medium and large enterprises, the pace and dynamics of economic growth.

14. Factor of social activity: level of development of civil society institutions, existence of national-cultural associations, social initiative, level of territorial self-government.

15. National, religious and cultural factors: the existence of local religious denominations, the existence of popular places of worship, places of worship, the scope of influence of religious communities.

16. Political factors: political interests, worldviews, political activity, state-society relations, etc.

Macroeconomic processes should be included in the list of factors influencing population migration. The main indicators here are the growth of gross domestic product, wages, inflation, investment activity, the level of demand for goods, interest rates on taxes collected, the amount of remittances from migrants, the level of working and living conditions of the population.