Table of contents introduction

3.2. Optimistic Potential

In general, very serious laws have been adopted in recent years to regulate migration processes. The most effective of them was the Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the approval of the State Migration Program (2006-2008). The decree regulates migration processes, monitoring, granting immigrant status and citizenship, their legal stay in the country, etc. issues are designed. As a result of these processes, a high level of regulation of appropriate measures in this area has been ensured in our country. In the post-Soviet space itself, there are a number of problems in the field of such migration. For example, in recent years, the Russian state has taken a number of measures in this direction. In general, the migration process should be viewed in terms of the dynamics of changes in the domestic market, as well as the regulation of the demographic process. For example, Russia has serious problems in two aspects. Thus, the need for migrants in all sectors of the economy in Russia is gradually increasing. That is why they are taking preferential steps in the field of migration regulation. As a result, the number of migrants going to Russia in the CIS is growing. According to scientific forecasts, by 2020, Russia will be required to attract several million able-bodied migrants. In Russia, the number of able-bodied citizens tends to decrease from about 500,000 to 1 million annually. In 2015 alone, this figure was projected to decrease to 1,267,000. From this point of view, the CIS countries need to maintain their domestic workforce, especially the young workforce. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate and accurately monitor the processes in the field of migration in Azerbaijan. Thus, 85% of citizens migrating from Azerbaijan go to the Russian Federation. Therefore, the new decrees adopted at the level of the country's leadership are considered more effective. It is necessary to monitor foreign citizens arriving in our country during the migration process. Research shows that the number of citizens coming to the Republic of Azerbaijan from the Middle and Far East, Central Asia and the CIS has been increasing in recent years.

It should also be noted that the number of unregistered migrants working in Azerbaijan is growing. Therefore, specific conditions must be set for them to obtain immigrant status and citizenship. Only foreigners can be employed under the relevant conditions. Taking into account the recent dynamics of economic growth in our country, as the need for highly qualified specialists in various sectors of the economy increases, the areas needed to attract them to the country, the necessary number must be determined, and only then their entry into our country. Thus, the process of regulation in this area must be ensured, as the influx of unskilled, unprepared, foreign immigrants to work is always high. Proper regulation of migration processes must be ensured so that local able-bodied people can realize their potential. With the full legalization of migration processes, negative trends in the import of foreign labor by foreign companies to Azerbaijan can be prevented.

Legalization of employment of migrants, as well as foreigners invited by foreign companies, will allow to achieve positive results in the field of human rights protection.

In general, the main functions of migration in the field aspect are numerous. "Functions" refers to the role that population migration plays in the life of a society.

The functions of migration, expressing its essence, determine the characteristics of these events. The functions of population migration are ambiguous. Some of them are determined regardless of the type of socio-economic system, and some are determined by the specific socio-economic conditions of society. The first refers to the general functions of migration, and the second to the specific functions of this or that socio-economic formation.

Analysis of population migration shows that accelerator, selective and distribution functions are more distinguished among its general functions.

Territorial distribution of migration means changing the socio-psychological characteristics of people. It includes the expansion of people's worldview, the accumulation of knowledge in various spheres of life, the exchange of production and labor experience, the development of personality, the development of social and spiritual values, the integration of national values ​​and so on. aiddir. The more active population is generally considered to be more socially active. Thus, in any case, migration leads to population development.

Other functions of migration include population distribution. This primarily involves the distribution of the population across different parts of the country, including between natural zones, in individual rural and urban settlements. Its main features are based on various factors. While performing the function of distribution, migration processes directly affect demographic processes by increasing the number of local people in different areas, and they also play an important role in population growth.

Other key functions of migration include selective migration. Its main essence is that the unequal participation of different socio-demographic groups in the migration process leads to a change in the quality of the population in different areas. Studies show that men and able-bodied people are more actively involved in migration processes. There are significant differences in the participation of different types of nationalities in migration mobility.

Selectivity manifests itself not only in terms of ability, but also in ethnic-national, genealogical aspects. For example, while the dominance of able-bodied men is observed in the migration dynamics for certain periods, the recent increase in the activity of female migrants is also characteristic [19, p.50].

The distribution and selective functions of increasing mobility manifest themselves in different types of migration. For example, in the case of episodic migration, the function of developing more mobility is more important.

Migration performs mainly social and economic functions in different socio-economic conditions, in accordance with these conditions. For example, in the former Soviet Union, in a socialist society, population migration took place in the functional conditions of a planned economy. That is why the migration of the population is provided by the labor force of the means of production in the economically functional area and its functionality in the production process.

The social functions of migration (in a socialist society) are characterized by the predominance of production relations. Social functions allow to increase the goals of the social society. The essence of the social functions of migration is to fully meet the needs of newcomers.

The social functions of migration should not only ensure personal interests, but also the comprehensive development of all members of society. First, not all members of society are involved in this process, but only 4-5%. Second, if the living standards of each migrant increase, then the living standards of the entire population (including migrants, respectively) increase.

Of course, the socio-economic functions of migration on sectoral aspects need to be defined more precisely. To do this, first of all, a precondition must be created for the harmonization of social and economic functions (for example, in areas where living standards are low, the productive forces must develop at a higher pace). From this point of view, population migration is more efficient when the appropriate ratios between economic and social functions are achieved.