Tarixiy shaxs va atamalar mazmunini bilib oling
Alfred Nobel
— shvetsiyalik ixtirochi, dunyoda
birinchi
b o ‘lib dinamit
(port
love
hi
m odda)ni ixtiro qilgan. 0 ‘limidan oldin o ‘z boyliklari hisobi dan
xalqaro m ukofot ta ’sis etishni vasiyat qilgan.
Stipendiya
— oliy o ‘quv yurtlari talabalariga belgilangan tartibda har
oyda to ‘lab turiladigan pul.
Ilmiy-texnika inqilobi
— ilm -fan va texnika sohasidagi tub o ‘zgarishlar.
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR
1.
Karimov I.A.
«Yuksak m a’naviyat — yengilmas kuch». — Т.: « 0 ‘zbekiston»
N M IU . 2008.
2.
Karimov I.A.
«Amir Temur — faxrimiz, g'ururimiz». — Т.: « 0 ‘zbekiston»
N M IU . 1998.
3. 0 ‘zbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasi. — Т.: « 0 ‘zbekiston» N M IU .
2014.
4.
И ванин М.
«И кки буюк саркарда». — Т.: «Fan» nashriyoti. 2000.
5. 0 ‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi. — Т.: «УзМЭ». 1—12-jildlar. 2002—
2005.
6. 0 ‘zbek tilining izohli lug‘ati. — Т.: «УзМЭ». 1—5-jildlar. 2006—2007.
7.
M ah kam ov A.
Rasmlarda V atan tarixi. — Т.: «С1ю‘1роп» nashriyoti.
1996.
8. «Bola huquqlari to ‘g‘risida»gi xalqaro Konvensiya. — Т.: «Adolat»
nashriyoti. 1991.
9. « 0 ‘zbekiston Respublikasining davlat ramzlari to ‘g ‘risida»gi qonuni.
- Т.: « 0 ‘zbekiston» N M IU . 2012.
10.
Q. R ajabov
va boshq. 0 ‘zbekiston tarixining eng asosiy sanalari».
- Т.: « 0 ‘zbekiston» N M IU . 2012.
11.
Q. R ajabov
va boshq. Jahon tarixining m uhim sanalari. — Т.:
«Sharq» NMAK. 2011.
MUNDARUA
Kirish: Tarixiy xotirasiz kelajak yo'q.......................................................................................... 3
I bob. Tarix fani nimani o‘rganadi?
1-§. Tarixiy manbalar................................................................................................................. 7
2-§. Kalendarlar tarixidan........................................................................................................... 9
3-§. Tarixda yil hisobi...............................................................................................................12
4-§. Dunyo xaritasi tarixi.......................................................................................................... 15
II bob. Eng qadimgi davrlarda dunyo xalqlari
5-§. Eng qadimgi odamlar va ularning manzilgohlari............................................................ 19
6-§. Qadimgi odamlarning turmush tarzi............................................................................... 21
7-§. Arxeologiya tarixidan......................................................................................................... 25
III bob. Kishilik madaniyatining shakllanishi
8-§. Qoyatosh suratlari..............................................................................................................28
9-§. Yozuv — insoniyatning buyuk kashfiyoti.............................................................................31
10-§. «Avesto» — ajdodlarimiz yaratgan ilk yozma tarixiy manba......................................... 34
11-§. Muzeylar..........................................................................................................................37
IV bob. Dastlabki sivilizatsiyalar, shaharlar va davlatlar
12-§. Yevropa va Amerikada dastlabki sivilizatsiyalar.............................................................41
13-§. Qadimgi shaharlarning paydo bo'lishi.............................................................................. 45
14-§. Dunyoning qadimgi davlatlari......................................................................................... 48
15-§. Qadimgi dunyoning yetti mo'jizasi.................................................................................. 51
16-§. O'zbekiston hududidagi qadimgi davlatlar.................................................................... 54
V bob. Savdo va aloqa
17-§. Tangalar — tarix guvohi...................................................................................................58
18-§. Savdo yo'llari................................................................................................................... 61
19-§. Yangi dengiz savdo yo'llarining ochilishi......................................................................... 64
20-§. Ishlab chiqarish texnikasining paydo bo'lishi..................................................................67
21-§. Transport vositalarining ixtiro etilishi.............................................................................. 70
22-§. Aloqa vositalarining ixtiro etilishi.....................................................................................73
YI bob. Vatanimizda va Yevropada ilm-fan taraqqiyoti
23-§. Maktab — bilim o'chog'i................................................................................................. 78
24-§. Yurtimizning buyuk allomalari.........................................................................................82
25-§. Mirzo Ulug'bek va uning akademiyasi........................................................................... 86
26-§. Yurt obodonchiligi, adabiyot va san’at.............................................................................89
27-§. Yevropada ilm-fen kashfiyotlari.........................................................................................93
28-§. Turkiston ma’riiatpaivarlari............................................................................................. 95
VII bob. Ozodlik uchun kurashgan qahramonlar
29-§. To'marisva Shiroq jasorati............................................................................................. 99
30-§. Spitamenning qahramonligi........................................................................................... 102
31-§. Arablarga qarshi xalq ozodlik kurashi........................................................................... 105
32-§. Jaloliddin Manguberdi xalqimizning milliy qahramoni..................................................108
33-§. Sohibqiron Amir Temur................................................................................................112
3 4 -35-§. Rossiya imperiyasi va Sovet mustamlakachiligi......................................................... 115
VIII bob. 0 ‘zbekistonning qadimgi shaharlari, tarixiy yodgorliklari
36-§. O'zbekistonning tarixiy shaharlari............................................................................... 120
37-§. O'zbekiston poytaxti Toshkent — 2200 yoshda............................................................... 125
3 8 -39-§. O'zbekistonning tarixiy-me’moriy yodgorliklari.................................................... 129
IX bob. Insoniyat tarixidagi jahon urushlari
40-§. Birinchi jahon urushi......................................................................................................134
41-§. Birinchi jahon urushi va Turkiston...............................................................................137
42-§. Ikkinchi jahon urushi..................................................................................................... 140
43-§. Gitler Germaniyasi ustidan qozonilgan g'alabaga O'zbekistonning qo'shgan hissasi......143
X bob. Jahonda tinchlik va hamkorlik uchun kurash
44-§. Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti (BMT)...........................................................................148
45-§. BMT va dunyo bolalari.................................................................................................152
XI bob. O ‘zbekiston mustaqil taraqqiyot yo‘lida
46-§. O'zbekiston mustaqilligining qo'lga kiritilishi.................................................................155
47-§. O'zbekiston iqtisodiyotidagi yutuqlar.............................................................................158
48-§. Ma’naviy va ma’rifiy yuksalish...................................................................................... 162
49-§. O'zbekiston va jahon..................................................................................................... 167
XII bob. Dunyo xalqlari XXI asrda
5 0 -51-§. Dunyo xavfsizligiga tahdid........................................................................................171
52-§. XXI asr — ilm-fan va taraqqiyot asri......................................................................... 176
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar.................................................................................................... 180
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