3.5 Lexical processing
For naturally-sounding speech and authentic fluency, advanced language learners should be capable
of recognizing and producing word speeds similar to the ones of native-speakers. With the view of
developing advanced learners’ lexical processing, we suggest that they should be exposed to a
number of input texts containing approximately 15 percent of vocabulary units they are likely to
encounter for the first time and allotted a limited amount of time to be able to identify the meanings
and discuss their speculated meanings with their learning partners.
By engaging them in this type of classroom activity, the teacher creates students’ initial awareness of
these vocabulary patterns initiating the first step towards the stage of production. Students can
subsequently be asked to engage in producing a monologue on a certain input texts-related topic by
employing the vocabulary units and patterns they found to be new or problematic while reading the
texts and discussing the vocabulary with their partners. It is crucial, however, that at this stage
students should not have discussed the exact meanings of the lexical units under consideration and
neither should they have acquired the exact definition of the latter from their tutor. The tutor at this
stage is regarded primarily as the facilitator of the process rather than the mentor or the teacher
providing students with exact definitions or translation options.
To increase the speed of production as well as the general flow of the speech produced, it is
necessary to allocate a limited amount of time for the activity exposing learners to the conditions
where they will have to cope with the challenge of producing a short monologue where new
vocabulary units abound staying focused on the topic given. An appropriate timing pattern can be
borrowed from the IELTS speaking section, where a candidate is allocated some time to ponder over
the card question and approximately two minutes to speak continuously without pauses and
interruptions. Depending on the number of students in the group, time can be allocated differently. For
e.g., 30 seconds – preparation time and 1 minute – speaking. Students’ academic groups for language
studies at MGIMO on average do not exceed ten participants with a class lasting 80 minutes that
allows allocating 60 seconds for preparation and 2 minutes for productive speech. After all
monologues are presented, a tutor asks students to provide their feedback and to pose their queries (if
any) about the use of new vocabulary units. After the open class discussion, the tutor can clarify the
meanings of the words discussed and comment on the use of the latter while providing other
contextual examples where relevant. By providing learners the freedom to express their guesses at
first and the autonomy to use them as they find appropriate, a tutor stimulates their guesswork and
provides for their teamwork and paves the way for learners’ critical thinking.
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