Technical and Technological Ways to Reduce Soil Compaction to Preserve Its Fertility

Fig.3. Graphical reflection of the stress state of the soil and the relationship between the 
parameters of the mover and the stress in the soil. Source: joint development of the author 
with G.A. Klysak (Konsima company) 
The system method for assessing the actual loading mode of the undercarriage 
system makes it possible to correctly select the type of propulsion unit, its parameters 
and configuration options for a specific machine model to perform certain 
technological operations. Practice shows that the loads affecting the stress-strain 
state of the mover (tires) differ significantly from the static load, which depends on 
the mass of the tractor, up to doubling. Such growth has a significant effect on 

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traction and slippage, but sharply increases the maximum pressure on the soil in the 
contact patch. For standard tires, the indicators reach 1.2-2.0 kgf / sm
2
- for light 
tractors, up to 2.5-3.5 kgf / sm2 - for heavy ones, up to 3-5 kgf / sm
2
- for combines 
and trailers in static condition at full load /11-13/. 
Fig. 4. Soil compaction depending on the number of tractor passes in the field,
0-0.30 cm, g/sm
3 
The density was measured in layers of 0...10 sm, 10...20 sm and 20...30 sm 
[14-16]. If the T-150K tractor makes 5…6 passes, then the irrigation water is 
practically not absorbed into the soil (Fig.4). At the same time, the water 
permeability of the soil compacted by running systems decreases by 3...5 or more 
times. It can be said that with the mechanical compaction of the arable layer, the 
water permeability of the soil is significantly reduced. An important component of 
the water balance - the total evaporation of moisture also directly depends on soil 
moisture and is inversely proportional to its density.