Tezislər / Theses

THE 3
rd
 INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES OF STUDENTS AND YOUNG RESEARCHERS 
dedicated to the 99
th
anniversary of the National Leader of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev
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have negative effect on the other properties of the foam, such as comfort and 
durability. Density, indentation force deflection (IFD), flex fatigue, durability 
test, and other physical parameters of flexible polyurethane foam can be 
employed when selecting foam cushioning for diverse purposes [4]. In one 
of the researches, it was found out that reinforcement of the polyurethane 
foams using artichoke fibers without increasing the thickness of the product 
positively affected the sound absorption properties of the foam, also more 
closed-packed smaller size pores has been achieved [5]. In another 
research, samples of polyurethane foams got more flexible and unbreakable 
as the amount of urea added rose, as did the density of the foam. However, 
as the percentage climbed, the samples became looser and more likely to 
burst. Additionally, when more urea powder is added, properties of 
polyurethane foam is affected in many aspects. The optimal ratio of urea to 
polyurethane was 5g of urea per 12 cm
3
of polyurethane, which increased 
the characteristics of polyurethane in terms of providing it superior flexibility 
(increases density), as well as a drop in the quantity of thermal conductivity, 
in addition to flame and fire resistance. Without the addition of urea, the 
polyurethane compounds were fragile and breakable; as greater proportions 
of urea were injected, the samples become flexible and unbreakable; 
nevertheless, as the percentage raised above 5.5%, the samples became 
loose and readily ruptured [6]. On the other hand, the sound absorption 
coefficient may be increased by 1.5 times by attaching tea-lead fibers to soft 
PU foam which means that the addition of tea-leaf fibers to PU increases 
sound absorption considerably [7]. 
References 
[1] Indrajeet Singh,Sushanta K. Samal,Smita Mohanty,Sanjay K. Nayak, "Recent Advancement 
in Plant Oil Derived Polyol-Based Polyurethane Foam for Future Perspective: A Review," 
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, p. 122, 30 November 2019.
[2] "Polyurethane Foam Market by Type (Rigid Foam, Flexible Foam, Spray Foam), End-use 
Industry (Building & Construction, Bedding & Furniture, Automotive, Electronics, Footwear, 
Packaging) and Region - Global Forecast to 2026," Top Market Reports, December 2021.
[3] Ritesh S. Malani , Vinod C. Malshe, Bhaskar Narayan Thorat, "Polyols and polyurethanes 
from renewable sources: past, present and future—part 1: vegetable oils and lignocellulosic 
biomass," 22 February 2021.
[4] "In Touch," London, 2016. 
[5] Hilal Olcay, Emine Dilara Kocak, "The mechanical, thermal and sound absorption 
properties of flexible polyurethane foam composites reinforced with artichoke stem waste 
fibers," Journal of Industrial Textiles, 2020.
[6] G. K. Saeed, "Improving the Properties of Polyurethane Foam by Adding Urea Powder," 
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2022.
[7] Seçkin Çelebi and Haluk Küçük, "Acoustic Properties of TeaLeaf Fiber Mixed Polyurethane 
Composites," Cellular Polymers, vol. 31, pp. 241-251, 2012. 

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