Tezislər / Theses

THE 3
rd
 INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES OF STUDENTS AND YOUNG RESEARCHERS 
dedicated to the 99
th
anniversary of the National Leader of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev
401
value for waste cooking oil is determined by titrating it with KOH in isopropyl 
alcohol solution using phenolphthalein indicator, since the oil contains free 
fatty acids responsible for unwanted consumption of the catalyst during 
biodiesel production. This value ultimately shows how much additional KOH 
should be added to the reaction mixture to compensate for this acidic effect. 
In addition, the XRD patterns and IR spectrum of clinoptilolite are also 
acquired by sending its small samples to the appropriate test centers after 
grinding, washing, and calcination steps are done. Then, according to the 
reviewed papers, optimum methanol/oil, catalyst/oil mass ratios (wt. /wt.), 
and the reaction temperature is decided to catch the maximum yield for each 
catalytic reaction (Tan, 2016), (R. Abukhadra, 2020), (Dang, 2021).
After each experiment, to separate the biodiesel from excess methanol, 
catalyst, and glycerol, distilled water is applied as extracting solvent, 
eventually, getting heavy aqueous and light organic phases. Thus, the light 
phase is sent to another test, and the yield of biodiesel is determined. Finally, 
for biodiesel production by each catalyst, percentage yield versus the 
changing variables mentioned above are assessed comprehending their 
corresponding effects.
References 
1. Baskar Thangaraj, P. R. (2019). Catalysis in biodiesel production - a review, Clean Energy. 
2-23. 
2. Biodiesel, L. E. (2014). Environmental Friendly Alternative to Petrodiesel. J Pet Environ 
Biotechnol 5, 122. 
3. Dang, H. &.-L.-H. (2021). Preparation of cancrinite-type zeolite from diatomaceous earth 
as transesterification catalysts for biodiesel production. Renewable Energy, 174, 347-358. 
4. Energy, U.D.(n.d.). Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Biodiesel Handling and Use 
Guide.
5. Nomanbhay, S., & Ong, M. (2017). A Review of Microwave-Assisted REactions for 
Biodiesel Production. 57. 
6. R. Abukhadra, M. &.-S.-M. (2020). Transesterification of commercial waste cooking oil into 
biodiesel over innovative alkali trapped zeolite nanocomposite as green and environmental 
catalysts. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 17, 100289. 
7. Rajalingam, A. &. (2016). Production methods of biodiesel. 170-173. 
8. Tan, Y. &.-H. (2016). Comparison of Biodiesel Production between Homogeneous and 
Heterogeneous Base Catalysts. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 833, 71-77. 
9. Xie, W., Huang, X., & Li, H. (n.d.). Soybean oil methyl esters preparation using NaX 
zeolites loaded with KOH as a heterogeneous catalyst. 936-939.