Impacts on industry output
There are winners and losers that will result from AFTA. The top 10 sectors expected to
experience an increase in output are shown in table 7-2. AFTA will leadto an increase in
outputs from motor vehicles and parts, machinery and equipment, oil, metals, chemicals,
rubber, plastic products, electricity, ferrous metals, coal, water, and transport equipment.
22
There are basically four major sources for any welfare change: allocative efficiency effect, endowment effect,
technology effect and terms of trade effect (Hanslow, 2000; Adams, 2005). The fourth factor is determined by
the change in equity income from ownership of capital endowments which can be broken down into three parts:
a change in the domestic capital shock; change in household income earned on capital abroad; and change in the
domestic capital owned by foreigners.
The allocative efficiency effect is large for a country with high average initial tariffs. In contrast, it may become
negative when the extent of trade diversion is large in FTA with relatively low international trade. The terms-of-
trade effect is positive for any country with low average initial tariffs and negative for any country which has
high initial tariffs.
Variables
Unit
Simulation 1
Simulation 2
Simulation 3
Simulation 4
Equivalent variation $US dollar
13.61
219.42
189.51
422.53
GDP quantity index %
0.12
3.1
6.79
9.5
Trade balance
$US dollar
-32.41
-59.22
72.84
-18.79
Terms of trade
%
0.56
5.21
-2.34
3.43
28
Table 7-2. Top 10 sectors with increasing outputs
Source: authors’ GTAP model results.
However, output will also decline in some sectors due to AFTA (table 7-3). The top 10
sectors which will experience a decline in outputs are sugar, leather products, textiles, crops,
dairy products, vegetable oils and fats, apparel, insurance, gas, and petroleum-coal products.
Table 7-3. Top 10 sectors with declining outputs
Source: authors’ GTAP model results.
Dostları ilə paylaş: |