Allmark-Kent 199
A good deal of literature has been written to account for the seemingly
automatic functioning of the ant-state. How does the queen know what to
do? How do the first minims learn to go out and cut leaves? On the
whole, instinct has been held to explain it all. […] Instinct is a convenient
word without real meaning which, for that very reason, serves admirably
to veil the ignorance of those who use it. There
can be no doubt any
longer that, as with us, not instinct, but tradition and education furnish the
true explanation of the facts: that much this book settles beyond
question. (17-8)
In this statement we can perceive Grove’s complex engagement with both
science and the wild animal story. By challenging interpretations of ant
behaviour based on instinct, Grove assists the reader’s acceptance of his
zoocentric, imaginative challenge. He emphasizes what we do not know in
order to evade accusations that his speculation is ‘inaccurate.’ What if our
perceptions of ants are wrong? What if they are capable of much more than the
simple, automatic functioning of explanations based on instinct? His emphasis
on learning and intelligence connotes the writing of George Romanes, as well
as Seton and Roberts. Indeed, recent research would suggest that these
assertions are not so unrealistic:
I h
ad come to Frank’s lab because in the course of asking questions like
these, he had discovered that his rock ants teach.
[…] Franks’s
idea that
ants teach each other fit in with a wealth of studies over the last decade
showing that insects’ cognitive abilities are surprisingly rich. (Morell 34-5)
It is important to recognize, however, that these claims regarding instinct are
made using the voice of F.P.G. and not Grove himself. Indeed, he layers the
text using two first-person narrators: first the editor and then the ant author.
Thus, these dual narrators enable Grove to distance himself from the text and
disrupt its reliability. Where Seton, in particular, asserted both the reliability of
his factual stories and himself as the scientific investigator, Grove destabilizes
his authority and authorial voice. As su
ch, we learn little of Grove’s own
perception of ants.
Allmark-Kent 200
In the introduction, F.P.G. identifies himself as an “amateur
myrmecologist” and narrates an expedition to Venezuela for “the purpose of
hunting down one or two colonies of the leaf-cutter
ant of inte
rtropical America”
(12-3).
This section is highly reminiscent of Seton’s tendency to insert himself
into the narrative as the amateur naturalist. As I have discussed previously in
this thesis, these semi-autobiographical stories positioned Seton as the
observer and constructed the stories as anecdotal evidence. Hence, they
implied that the animals depicted were real and that Seton had
known
them.
Likewise, Grove’s introduction narrates F.P.G.’s
observations of the ants he
sets out to study as well as his interactions with one
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