Theme : Attention Plan : Enter

4. There are three types of attention:
1) involuntary attention - the simplest and genetically specific; is represented by an indicative reflex that occurs when exposed to unexpected and new stimuli;
2) voluntary attention - due to setting a conscious goal;
3) post-discretionary focus. Depending on where the object of attention is located - in the external world or in the subjective world of the individual - external and internal attention are distinguished. In the process of education, training, activity and communication, a person develops the characteristics of attention and its types, their relatively stable combinations are determined by the individual typological characteristics of attention, as well as the type of nervous system. In local psychology, the theory of attention was developed as a function of internal control over the compliance of mental actions with their implementation programs. The development of such control increases the efficiency of any activity and its systematic formation (-> the concept of the formation of step-by-step mental actions), makes it possible to eliminate some shortcomings of attention, for example, indifference. Experiments conducted with isolated hemispheres of the brain show that attention processes are closely related to the work of the corpus callosum; the left hemisphere provides selective attention, while the right hemisphere supports a general level of alertness.
Involuntary attention: Several synonyms are used in the psychological literature to describe involuntary attention. In some studies it is called passive, in others it is called emotional. Both synonyms help to reveal the characteristics of involuntary attention. When talking about passivity, they emphasize that involuntary attention depends on the object that attracts it and emphasizes that a person does not try to concentrate. When is involuntary attention. are called emotional, they distinguish between the object of attention and the connection between feelings, interests, needs. In this case, there are no voluntary actions aimed at focusing attention, the object of attention is distinguished due to its compatibility with the reasons that motivate a person to act.
According to its psychological characteristics, voluntary attention is close to involuntary: it also arises on the basis of interest in an object, but in this case, the nature of interest as a specific attitude to the object is different. Involuntary attention immediately shows interest. In post-voluntary attention, interest is mainly expressed as a result of activity.
Thus, the student can start the task without any interest, forcing himself to focus on his solution. During work, he develops such an attitude when, for one reason or another, there is a need to voluntarily save for one reason or another ("the decision does not come out, but I will do it anyway, I will prove that I can do it", etc.). attention is lost, it becomes dependent on the topic - He was engaged in the process of solving the task.
Focusing on activities after volunteering is determined to a large extent by the characteristics of the person, the habit of working. When for a person "work without additional calculations, work until hot sweat, hours of hard work" becomes the happiness of life, there is an easy transition of voluntary attention to voluntary attention, in which, before the onset of general fatigue, e 'not noticed.
The three types of attention considered in the practical activity of a person are closely related to each other and support each other. When organizing the attention of students, the teacher should think not only about how to arouse attention, but also how to form the willpower of a person that facilitates the control of attention.