Theme : Attention Plan : Enter

Theme :
Attention
Plan :

• Enter
• Attention as a manifestation of individual activity
• The importance of attention in human life and activity
• Formation of involuntary, voluntary and post-voluntary attention in the educational process.
• Conclusion

1. In the process of cognition and activity, a person receives a lot of impressions, many stimuli affect the brain at the same time. The mind cannot reflect all perceived and imagined things with the same clarity. It is biologically and socially important for a person to accurately reflect one or two of the most important stimuli affecting emotions at the moment. In interaction with the environment, a selective reflection of objects with attention has developed.
Among mental phenomena, attention has a special place, it is not an independent mental process and does not belong to the characteristics of a person. At the same time, attention always enters into and represents cognitive processes or practical activities of a person. interests, direction of the person. Attention is manifested in life as an aspect of mental activity, which is a necessary condition for the successful acquisition of knowledge - the quality and productivity of human labor.
2. Attention is the concentration of consciousness on a certain object, which ensures its particularly clear reflection.
In order for attention to appear, it is necessary to distinguish an object, to focus on it and to distract it from other stimuli. when a person is immersed in his thoughts, experiences or analyzes the behavior and actions of himself and those around him.
The ability to arbitrarily direct and concentrate attention represents the activity of a person. Attention is formed in the process of work as a feature of a person's mental life. This was emphasized by Marx: "In the whole period of labor, the will to the purpose is necessary and carefully expressed, and moreover, the more it is necessary, the less labor, by its content and method of execution, makes the worker himself. attracts".
A. A. Ukhtomsky studied the physiological activity of the brain and created the doctrine of dominance. The presence of a dominant focus of excitation in the cerebral cortex allows us to understand such a level of concentration of a person on any object or event that they are not noticeable if extraneous stimuli are not able to distract. Passionate love for the cause is associated with a deep interest in the subject.
Neither the optimal foci of excitation nor the dominant one fully reveal the mechanisms of human attention, especially its arbitrary nature. Unlike animals, humans control their attention. Therefore, the ability to define and set a goal that can be formed by him or suggested by someone is of particular importance in training a person's attention. Setting and continually clarifying performance goals sustains and shifts focus. In such cases, the mechanism for the emergence of the optimal or dominant focus of arousal is the interaction of the first and second signal systems, the arousal from the speech (second) signal system. It is carried out through selective irradiation. the first. In turn, the main signal stimuli reflected in the speech help to clarify the goal and increase the focus of optimal excitation,
Equally important is the strengthening of dynamic stereotypes in the formation and organization of attention. A person who is used to careful work gradually develops a dynamic stereotype, which greatly facilitates the emergence of an optimal arousal center in a familiar work environment. It should be noted that the work should not be done carelessly, because. changing an existing dynamic stereotype is always more difficult than developing a new one.
3. Emphasizing the role of attention in mental activity, let's remember the words of the great Russian teacher K. D. Ushinsky: "... attention is the door through which everything that enters the human soul from the outside world passes."