contrast, healing is often delayed, frequently because of inadequate
debridement. The autolytic process becomes overwhelmed by high
levels of endotoxins released from damaged tissue (Broadus, 2013).
Therefore wound debridement becomes an integral part of chronic-
wound management and practitioners involved in wound care must
be fully competent at wound-bed assessment and have an awareness
of the options available for debridement. This article will review
wound-bed assessment, highlighting variations in devitalised tissue,
and explore options available for wound debridement, taking into
consideration patients’ pain and quality of life.
Key words: Debridement Would management Wound assessment
Non-viable tissue Slough
M
anagement of a wound, be it chronic or
acute, involves continual effective holistic
assessment and ongoing evaluation of the
patient, including: aetiology of the wound,
wound bed, periwound area, signs of infection, general patient
malaise and review of wound dressings chosen to promote the
healing process (Ousey and Atkin, 2013). This continuous and
accurate wound assessment is essential to ensure appropriate
and realistic goal setting (Collier, 2003). It is essential that the
practitioner assesses the whole of the patient (ie. holistically),
not simply just the wound bed. According to the World
Union of Wound Healing Societies (WUWHS) (2008)
consensus document, to enable effective treatment of patients
with wounds the diagnostic process will:
Determine the cause of the wound
Identify any comorbidities/complications that may
contribute to the wound or delay healing
Assess the status of the wound
Help develop the management plan.
After holistic assessment of the patient, the focus can then
turn to the wound bed. To facilitate practitioners’ structured
assessment of the wound bed, wound assessment tools can be
used—such as TIME, an acronym developed by the European
Wound Management Association (EWMA) (2004):
T=Tissue, non-viable or deficient
I=Infection or inflammation
M=Moisture imbalance
E=Edge of wound, non-advancing or undermined.
TIME provides a structure to allow the clinician to focus
on certain aspects of the wound to facilitate appropriate and
realistic goal-setting. Often on wound-care plans, the stated
aim of the intervention is ‘to promote healing’, but having
such a broad and non-specific goal can make reassessment
difficult. This raises the question: how do you assess the
promotion of healing?
If care-plan goals are linked to assessment of the wound
bed, on the other hand, goals can be more specific. For
example, if wound assessment with TIME identifies that
there is a problem with non-viable tissue, the aim of the
wound-care plan would be ‘to debride’. Having clear aims
then allows for meaningful evaluation of whether the current
wound product is meeting the desired aims.
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