246
to make good the damage she had caused;”
167
but
she still performs this
commandment only as “an agent of her husband [
sheluho shel ha-ba‘al
].”
168
It was
the last Lubavitcher Rebbe,
Menahem Mendel Schneerson, who viewed his own
lifetime as a moment of unprecedented darkness, and therefore encouraged not only
married women but also young girls and children to light the Sabbath candles, even
though they are not halakhicaly obliged to do so:
This is a mission [
shelihut
] from the Most High, who himself gives strength
to
the small girl, so that by her act of lighting a candle in her candleholder,
she will bring
down into her home radiance, Jewishness [
Yidishkeyt
], and
Godliness [
Gotlekhkeyt
].
169
The change brought by the modern world of the second half of the twentieth century
demands special actions. Even children are recruited to help disperse the darkness of
“alien thoughts” and the “thoughts of the street,” as Menahem
Mendel Schneerson
calls them.
170
In his spiritual project, a girl who lights the Sabbath candles becomes
an agent of God Himself, whereas in the writings of Rashaz, this function is reserved
for the married woman, who acts as an agent of her husband.
5.3 The Sabbath as the propitious time for sexual union.
Despite the fact that Rashaz attributes a great deal of significance to sexual union
both in this and in the upper world,
171
it seems that he views the spiritual dimension
167
This is a reference to Eve, who caused the death of Adam. See
Shulhan ‘arukh Rabenu ha-Zaken
,
Orah hayim, 263:5, 173,
based on
y
Shabat 2:6 (20a);
Bereshit rabah
17:8;
Midrash Tanhuma
, Noah
1, Metsora’
9; Zi 48b.
168
Shulhan ‘arukh Rabenu ha-Zaken
, Orah hayim, 263, Kuntres aharon 2, 177.
169
“Sihat motsa’ei Shabat Kodesh Bereshit – li-neshei u-venot Yisra’el ti. 5735” in Schneerson,
Sihot
kodesh
5735
, i, 133 [Appendix 21]. An abridged version of the talk was published in Shalom Dovber
Levin,
Kuntres nerot Shabat Kodesh
, i, 5-12.
170
Schneerson,
Sihot kodesh
5735
, i, 132; Levin,
Kuntres nerot Shabat Kodesh
, i, 11.
171
See TO 92d, where Rashaz stresses that contrary to a popular view of
sexual union as repulsive
[
davar ma’us
] because it requires an ablution in the
mikveh
, it is a “great thing” [
davar gadol
], both in
this world and in heaven. See also Loewenthal, “Women and the Dialectic,” 19* n.39.
247
of women’s role as extending no further than to facilitate the spiritual development
of their husbands.
Rashaz invokes the figure of the defiantly unmarried Shimon Ben
Azzai, of whom the Talmud says that he entered paradise [
b
Hagigah 14b], “cast a
look and died,” in order to stress the value of marriage in a man’s life. In Rashaz’s
opinion, Ben Azzai failed because he did not find the
right balance between the
spiritual and the earthly dimensions of his life:
Ben Azzai was in the aspect of
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