Tourism and recreation in the XXI century: problems and prospects

TOURISM AND RECREATION IN THE XXI CENTURY: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
3-4 May 2019
195
Baku, Azerbaijan

---

serious changes are taking place in existing tourist activities. The "sea, sand, and sun" trio, which has 
formed the most important part of tourism until recent time, is slowly losing its popularity with other 
tourism types as health tourism grows [1, p.64]. 
The efficient use of tourism potential is possible with the sustainable development of the tourism 
sector. Whether the developed countries want to benefit from the tourism sector's income-generating 
capability, or developing countries which want to benefit from tourism's currency-saving features, can’t 
effectively utilize their tourism potential without identifying sustainable development strategies. For this 
purpose, the solution to existing problems in sustainable development of tourism sector should be 
determined. At the same time, there are a number of problems in tourism to sustain its development. 
Education Problems in Tourism: The societies are developing economically, socially and culturally in 
an integrated way. This process needs a free and democratic political environment. When comparing a 
country with another country, public indicators are also used by economic indicators. There are 
employment, culture, health, and education within key social indicators. Of these, the education sector is 
the main source of human capital that the economy needs. 
Countries wishing to make a share of world income generated by tourism are in deep competition. The 
quality of the service sector is crucial. Human resources development plays an important role. The purpose 
of tourism education is to train workers in need of tourism. One of the key stages of macroeconomic 
planning of tourism is the identification of the personnel needs and the necessary educational and training 
planning to meet this need. Entering into the international tourism market with high quality services, 
especially with a tough competition, is impossible without skilled cadres, as much as in community-level 
tourism awareness [10, p.47]. 
Education is the biggest supporter of development. Advantages in tourism incentives should be given 
to improving overall quality until available potential use. One of the most important problems identified in 
the tourism industry is the lack of specialized staff. According to the results of the research conducted for 
Turkey which
in 2014, attracting around 42 million foreign tourists, ranked as the 6th most popular tourist 
destination in the world
, 50% of the specialists have been identified as elementary school graduates, and 
most of the rest of the cadres have not seen vocational training [9, p.20]. 
The purpose of vocational training in tourism is to train qualified personnel with theoretical and 
practical knowledge in the tourism sector. Tourism education is a kind of activity for educating students at 
all levels on tourism awareness, providing basic principles of hospitality, increasing general and 
professional knowledge of tourism industry professionals, and preparing specialist, security and technical 
staff for tourism industry [6, s .10]. 
It is obvious that people do not come to the places where they are not welcome. For this reason, 
remembering travel experienced by a tourist as a pleasant memory and willing to go to the place again is a 
great deal of hospitality. Professionalism, skill, productivity and courtesy, which are the main elements of 
the service, can’t be accidentally gained. All of these features are a result of the education and teaching 
process. 
Studies have revealed that the most important problem in the tourism sector is the training of staff. 
One of these studies is Business Studies in the International Labor Organization (ILO) Hotel and Tourism 
Industry. According to the results of this study, the current employment profile of traveling companies is 
based on the number of people who have not received vocational training. One type of education is 
programs that are at the community level and can be attended by anyone regardless of the age, level, and 
circumstances. The most commonly used tourism education is the process of educating people at public-
level about vocational training, acquiring skills, regardless of their work in tourism institutions, and the 
process of enlightenment a wide range of population on certain subjects related to tourism [3, p.6]. Tourism 
education, which should be provided in high schools, is aimed at teaching theoretical knowledge in the 
higher education institutions as well as vocational skills at enterprises. 
The absence of vocational education in the staff adversely affects the development of the sector. 
Another reason for this negativity is the lack of skills resulting from education. In the educational 
institutions, students are unable to adequately apply the knowledge they have learned, the lack of 
knowledge in the sector, and the lack of foreign language skills. 
The two-year vocational training is aimed at educating technical staffs for the sector with tourism 
programs. In four-year tourism and hospitality education institutions, the tourism department aims to train 
planners and researchers for the sector. Some universities also offer Master's Degrees to serve senior 
executives in the sector.