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New Swedish
New Swedish is a contemporary Eastern North Germanic language, a descendent
of Old Swedish. It is the official language of Sweden and is one of the official
languages of Finland.
Number of Speakers (1988): 9 million
Norn
Norn was a mixed language of West Norse and Irish spoken in the Shetland
Islands. It is extinct.
There is extant an entire ballad text in Norn,
Hildina-kvadet
.
It is described in an article:
Hildina-kvaedet. Ein etteroeknad og ei tolking.
by Eigil
Lehmann. It is printed in:
Fra Fjon til Fusa 1984. Arbok for Hordamuseet og for
Nord- og Midhordland sogelag.
Hildina-kvadet
was written down in 1774 by the Scot George Low. He got it from
a farmer - Guttorm - at the Shetland island Foula. Low did not understand the
language, so the song will have to be "translated" into - well, whatever. What
Lehmann does, is to try to reconstruct the Norn version of the song.
Lehmann's preface contains a bibliography, translated here by Reidar Moberg:
"The song was printed as early as 1808 by James Headrick, in 1838 by the
Norwegian P.A. Munch. Others, who have been working on this kvad, is the Dane
Svend Grundtvig, the Norwegian Sophus Bugge, Jakob Jakobsen from the Faeroe
Islands, the Norwegian Moltke Moe and the Dane Axel Olrik. These have mostly
tried to bring the kvad back to old Norse. Such a reconstruct from Axel Olrik from
1898 could be found in a work on the kvad of the Dane Hakon Grüner-Nielsen in
the honour book to Gustav Indrebo 1939. The most thorough work is done by the
Norwegian Marius Haegstad in the book
Hildina-kvadet
from 1900."
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