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Norwegian
Norwegian, a contemporary Western North Germanic language, is the official
language of Norway. It is a collection of related dialects of West Norse. It has two
major written dialects: Nynorsk and Bokmal. Nynorsk is the contemporary
descendent of Old Norwegian. Bokmal, also called Dano-Norwegian or Riksmal,
is really a form of Danish. Since 1951 there has been a concerted effort to effect a
merger of the two dialects.
Number of Speakers (1988): 5 million
Old English
Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) is the oldest recorded form of English. It is said to
be the language of the three tribes (Angles, Saxons, and Jutes) of West Germanic
speaking people who invaded and occupied Britain in the fifth century C. E. It is
very closely related to Old Frisian.
Old English developed four major dialects: Northumbrian, Mercian, West Saxon,
and Kentish. The majority of recorded Old English is in the West Saxon dialect.
Old English is characterized by phonetic spelling, a moderate number of
inflections (two numbers, three genders, four cases, remnants of dual number and
instrumental case), a syntax somewhat dependent on word order, and a simple two
tense, three mood, four person (three singular, one plural) verb system.
Old English is recorded from the late seventh century onwards. By about 1100 C.
E. enough changes had accumulated so that the language is designated Middle
English.
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