Vocabulary enrichment of primary school pupils through video and audio materials Contents

III. Research Methodology
The study aims to increase vocabulary dramatically for primary school pupils with authentic materials through multimedia. The participants of the study are two groups of 3th grade pupils who are studying English as a second language at school number 4.
The first group consists of 20 students who will be taught improving vocabulary with Total Physical Response(TPR), using authentic materials, for instance, songs, videos, and other activities. The second group consists of 20 pupils who will be taught improving vocabulary with Silent Way method, using authentic material, such as CD players, recordings, podcasts and other audio materials. In the morning, first lesson is started class 3A, they have done all homework and also they are ready to the lesson. At 8.00a.m pupils are in class. Theme called “My mum is teacher”. It is interesting theme for students. Firstly, teacher is put video with pause, this pause teacher introduces every profession and gives information about these professions. Total Physical Response (TPR) is effective way to teach primary learners. Pupils are watched a song. After students are sung a song together with actions. Secondly, teacher is organized an activity about professions, this is called “Happy Colourful Cards”. It is relaxable game for pupils. One by one students come to the blackboard, choosing a colourful card,this card has one profession name and it has some written mistakes in it. Selected pupil finds out this mistake on time. Pupils are relaxed the lesson absolutely. Lesson is continuing 45minutes. There are several methods to teach young and adult learners. Young learners are interested in playful lessons with attractive games or activities. In modern school, methods are effective way to teach each pupil. Teachers can use, for instance direct method, grammar translation method, silent way, TPR, task-based method, communicative language teaching, communicative language learning and others.
Total Physical Response(TPR) is a method of teaching language or vocabulary concepts by using physical movement to react to verbal input. The process mimics the way that infants learn their first language, and it reduces student inhibitions and lower stress.
TPR is an approach to teaching a second language, based on listening linked physical activities, which are designed to reinforce comprehension.” Some classroom TPR examples include: Cupping your ear to show that you are listening and want them to speak. Pointing to your mouth when talking to show that they should listen carefully. Using your finger
to draw a circle in the air or mimicking a clicking motion to explain what they should do on the screen.”¹⁶ TPR offers several benefits, such as helping learners understand target languages and supporting long-term retention in a stress-free way. This method can teach vocabulary related to actions, classroom direction. Silent Way is a methodology of teaching language based on the idea that teachers should be as silent as possible during a class but learners should be encouraged to speak as much as possible. As Gattegno says, “For example, teachers will often give students time to correct their own mistakes before giving them the answer to a question. Teachers also avoid praise or criticism, as it can discourage students from developing self-reliance.”¹⁷ The Silent Way is a language-teaching approach created by Caleb Gattegno that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching method. The method emphasizes learner autonomy and active student participants. Silence is used as a tool to achieve this goal; the teacher uses a mixture of silence and gestures to focus students’ attention, to elicit responses from them, and to encourage them to correct their own errors.” The Silent Way is characterized by its focus on discovery, creativity, problem solving and the use of accompanying materials. Richard and Rodgerds (1986:99) summarized the method into three major features.”¹⁸ Next lesson is for 3B class. Pupils are entered the classroom. Teacher and students are greeting. The lesson is started off checking homework, new theme is called “My mum is a teacher”. In this lesson, teacher use Silent Way method, authentic material such as audios about professions. Firstly, teacher is introduced professions and she is put picture of professions in blackboard, she is pronounced every professions’ names Students are watched pictures and analyzed each one. Secondly, teacher organized some activities about profession. She is put picture without professions’ names, only teacher shows picture, students told this profession one by one. This is attractive activity for pupils, so primary school pupils are interested in different types of activities. They are very playful pupils that is way teacher should organize different kind of activities about last and also new theme. Next activity is “Who am I”. This activity is joyful activity. One student is chosen . He or she is shown a profession with gestures or actions. Other pupils should find out it. and storytelling. Teachers plan lessons with TPR to encourage engagement and improve listening fluency.
Research Design
This study used quantitative research with a comparative design. This comparative research design was for the third grade of primary school, both class A and B. The pre-test was given to the pupils before the treatment and the post-test after the treatment.

Table

Group	Pre-test	Treatment	Post-test
1	A2	X	A1
2	A2	O	A1

Where
A2 -Pre-test

A1-Post-test
X-Authentic materials through multimedia
O-Authentic material
Population and Sample
The population of this study was 3th grade pupils from one of the public primary school in Fergana, Bagdod and the samples were taken from two classes. The quota sample was used where the participants were chosen based on the predetermined character. Two classes were used in this study and different treatment was applied; one class was used authentic materials through multimedia while the other class was used only the authentic materials.
The Instruments
Vocabulary tests prepared, administered, and used in this study. A pre-test was given before the treatment. The test consisted of last lessons’ new words, teacher checked their knowledge with colourful cards stickers, or CD players. The authentic materials used in this study were video, posters through PowerPoint. The Power Point is functioned as the multimedia tool for the first class and the other class without using Power Point, just the authentic materials. At the end of the research, the post-test was given to find out the students’ vocabulary enhancement after being treated. A questionnaire towards the students’ response regarding the method that is used in the class is administered at the very end of the meeting.
Happy Cards
This activity is very useful and effective way to teach primary school pupils and there are some advantages in their writing and speaking skills. The colourful cards have some words about theme, students take these, and checking words’ writing mistakes .When pupil does not find out these words written forms, others may find out them.