73. Gender. Women have always been an integral part of Uzbekistan’s labor force, especially in rural areas, but they
face a range of barriers to their entrepreneurship and employment opportunities. Agriculture is the largest employer for
the rural population, and although women have always been engaged in the agrarian economy, their participation in the
sector tends to be mostly informal, unregulated, and part time. They are reportedly frequently disadvantaged and are
very often underserved by suppliers and buyers in the value chains
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.
Human, financial, and social capital constraints
hindering women’s entrepreneurship and employment opportunities include a lack of technical skills, business
knowledge, and financial literacy, as well as traditions and norms that cast women as primary caregivers and take their
household labor for granted. Many rural women in Uzbekistan also have limited access to financial services. There is no
public agricultural extension and advisory system, so there are no female extension officers. AMP will help establish one
and encourage female employment. Lastly, despite a growing number of female entrepreneurial activities, as of 2015
only 14 percent of surveyed women were involved in self-employment
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.
74. AMP will focus on closing two gender gaps (lack of technical and business skills and access to financial products
and services) and on contributing to reducing gender stereotypes in the agriculture sector. The project will address
gender disparities in the agriculture that hamper female productivity and entrepreneurship: (i) under Component 1, by
facilitating women’s access to improved agricultural inputs and services. This will be pursued both by increasing the share
of female extension officers (15 percent by the end of the project), and by planning for delivery of extension services
respecting women’s schedules and other responsibilities so as to ensure maximum women participation (i.e. provision
of lunch, short distance to the demo plot). Studies have shown that women farmers who have female extension officers
have higher levels of awareness of and participation in extension services
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; (ii) under Component 2, by targeting capacity
building on business plan development to ensure that financial support applicants include women in their management
and/or membership; and (iii) under Component 3, by taking into consideration how accessible agro-logistics centers are
for women entrepreneurs. Prospective contractors will be responsible for suggesting in their bidding documents ways to
make ALCs female-friendly (e.g. by providing for child care options, etc.). The project will contribute to reducing gender
biases in agriculture by incorporating in extension and capacity building service messages that do not confine women to
defined gender roles and social expectations. AMP will also include results indicators to monitor these actions.