Copyright 1996

Questions 16-18 
Select words from paragraph B to answer Questions 16-18. Use ONE word for 
each answer. Write your answers in the spaces numbered 16-18 on the answer 
sheet. 
16. Name the precondition needed in rock for below surface fractures to occur. 
17. Which term is used for the location of the greatest amount of movement? 
18. What action below the surface rock results in seismic waves? 
Questions 19-22 
The notes below are a summary of paragraph C of Reading Passage 2. 
Choose words from paragraph C to complete the notes and write your 
answers in the spaces numbered 19-22. Select either ONE or TWO words for 
each space. 
Both natural and 19-------------- activity can cause an 20 ----------------
21 ________ formation of lakes by discharge of 22. _________can initiate a 
quake. 
Questions 23-25 
Write the appropriate letter A, B, C or D in the spaces numbered 23-25 on 
the answer sheet. 
23. It is now believed that: 
A low-risk zones are relatively safe. 
B high-risk zones are more dangerous than low-risk zones. 
C low-risk zones may in fact be very dangerous due to poorly 
constructed buildings. 
D high-risk zones have stable buildings. 
24. Soft soils: 
A together with poorly constructed buildings and being in high-risk 
zones greatly contribute to earthquake devastation. 
B cause earthquakes. 
C cause buildings to twist rather than shatter. 
D crumble buildings. 

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25. Seismologists: 
A can predict the potential destruction of a city by an earthquake. 
B cannot predict where an earthquake may occur. 
C had been investigating Kobe's potential for an earthquake and had 
warned the inhabitants. 
D could work with other professionals to understand and try to minimise 
the level of death and injury caused by major earthquakes. 

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QUESTIONS 26-40 
Yon me advised la spend about 25 minuter on Questions 26-40 ivlnch refer to 
Rending 
Primage 3 below 
READING PASSAGE 3 
WHY WE CAN
'
T AFFORD TO LET ASIA STARVE
A Among the problems afflicting a
E Such issues, Lampe argues, while seen as
burgeoning world population, overcrowding,
remote by many countries and international
poverty and environmental degradation are
corporations, will strike at their economic base
combining to put at ris>k the very essence of our
as well Societies that are too poor or driven by
survival — food
internal strife and civil war will be bad for
investment or as markets for goods Pressure
B 'If by the beginning of the next century we
from a rising tide of environmental and 
have failed to satisfy the very basic needs of
political refugees may also be felt
the two billion very poor and four billion poor.
life for the rest of us could be extremely risky
F. One significant factor undermining the
and uncomfortable,' predicts Dr Klaus Lampe
agricultural economies of developing countries
of the International Rice Research Institute
has been the farm trade war between the US
(IRRI) m the Philippines This is a highly
and the EC 'We talk about environmental
threatening, even terrifying prediction for Asia,
degradation and dangerous chemicals, yet
where 70 per cent of the world's poor live but
spend billions of US dollars and ECUs
where reserves of good quality arable land
producing things we don't want which ruin
have practically run out
local production systems and incomes for poor
people,' Lampe says And instead of developed
C Although the world regards Asia as the
countries helping struggling nations to develop
focus of an economic and industrial miracle,
sustainable food production systems their
without adequate supplies of food, Lampe
policies tend to erode and destroy them 
says, chaos could easily result in many
countries And the impact will be felt widely
G When world grain prices are bad farmers in
throughout the region In the 1990s alone, he
Asia s uplands turn from rice to cash crops to
says, the cities of Asia will be swollen by a
supplement falling incomes, or clea
r
larger
further 500 million people — nearly equal to the
areas of rainforest with catastrophic
population of the United States and European
environmental consequences within just a few
Community combined 'The only growing
years Cleared rainforest soils are highly
population in Asia is that of the poor Prime
erosive, even where they arc not, they rapidly
productive land is being used for city
become acid and toxic under intense
expansion and building roads, while thousands
cultivation and plants die, forcing the clearing
of hectares are being taken out of production
of ever-larger areas
each year because of salinity or alkalinity '
H Research at the IRRI has indicated that
D From the mid-1960s when the Green
intensive rice production — growing two or
Revolution began, Asian food production
three crops a year on the same land — is
doubled through a combination of high-
showing signs of yield declines as great as 10
yielding crops, expanded farming area and
per cent Evidence for this comes from as far
greater intensification From now on, growing
afield as India, The Philippines and Indonesia
enough food will depend almost entirely on
At the same time, agricultural research 
increasing yield from the same, or smaller, area
worldwide has been contracting as
of land However, a mysterious threat is
governments, non-government bodies and
emerging m the noticeably declining yields of
private donors reduce funding bixause of
rice from areas that have been most intensively
domestic economic pressures Dm means.
farmed Unless scientists can unravel why this
Lampe says, that at risk is the capacity to sol\ e
is so, food output in Asia may actually stagnate
such problems as rice yield decline and 
at a time when population will double
research to breed the new generation of super-

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yielelding crops. Yet rice will be needed to feed 
more than half the human population — an 
estimated 4 5 billion out ot 8 3 billion people by 
2030
1 Compared with the building of weapons of 
mass destruction or the mounting of space 
missions to Mars, Lampe says, the devising of 
sustainable farming systems has little political 
appeal to most governments 'To them I say I 
hope you can sleep well at night '
Questions 26-33 
Reading Passage 3 has 9 paragraphs. Choose the most suitable heading for each 
paragraph from the list i-xii below. Use each heading ONCE only. Write your 
answers in the spaces 26-33 on the answer sheet. The first one is an example. 
There are more headings than paragraphs, so you won't use all the headings. 
Example. Paragraph A. 
Answer: iv 
26. Paragraph B 
27 Paragraph C 
28 Paragraph D 
29 Paragraph E 
30 Paragraph F 
31 Paragraph G 
32 Paragraph H 
33 Paragraph I 
List of Headings 
i
Decrease in food yields
ii
Drop in yield affected by reduction in research
iii
Pollution ruining crops
iv
World at risk due to predicted food shortage
V
Lack ot international interest
vi
Bid to retrain Asian farmers
vii Desperate situation for Asia
viii Environmental degradation due to changed farming methods
ix
Need to increase soil fertility
X
Population explosion compounds Asia's problems
xi
International commerce threatens Asian agriculture
xii Food shortages have wide effects

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Questions 34-35 
Name TWO reasons for loss of farm land. Use a maximum of TWO words in both 
of your answers. Write your answers in spaces 34-35 on the answer sheet. 
Questions 36-40 
The flow chart below describes some consequences of Asian agriculture. Each step 
follows the previous step, forming a chain of consequences. Complete the flow 
chart by selecting the appropriate letter from the list of consequences below, to fill 
spaces numbered 36-40 on the answer sheet. 
Some letters may be used more than once. 
Consequences 
[ 
D rainforest cleared 
A vegetation destroyed 
E acid soil
B need to supplement income 
C poor world grain price

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READING TEST 6 
QUESTIONS 1-14 
You are advised to spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14 which refer to 
Reading 
Passage 1 below 
READING PASSAGE 1