POD SU MO WA nIE
Le cze nie za cho waw cze sko lioz idio pa tycz nych
jest trud nym za gad nie niem kli nicz nym, gdyż prze wi -
dy wa nie roz wo ju cho ro by jest nie do sko na łe, te ra pia
jest ucią żli wa i przej ścio wo ob ni ża ja kość ży cia cho -
rych. Me dy cy na opar ta na fak tach stop nio wo wy pie -
ra le cze nie ba zu ją ce na oso bi stym do świad cze niu le -
czą ce go. Po win na ona do pro wa dzić do opty ma li za cji
wska zań do le cze nia za cho waw cze go sko lioz idio pa -
tycz nych, oraz do unik nię cia obu skraj no ści w po stę -
po wa niu, to zna czy zbyt póź ne go lub zbyt ma ło in -
ten syw ne go le cze nia (ang. un der -tre at ment) jak
i do unik nię cia zbęd ne go le cze nia sko lioz sta bil nych
(ang. over -tre at ment). Przed sta wio ne w ar ty ku le za -
le ce nia na le ży trak to wać ja ko wska zów ki, do cza su
uzy ska nia prze ko nu ją cych do wo dów na uko wych
w za kre sie le cze nia za cho waw cze go sko lioz idio pa -
tycz nych.
SUMMARY
Conservative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis is
a difficult clinical issue, because the development of
the condition is not always predictable, the treatment
is troublesome and it lowers patients’ quality of life
for some time. Evidence based medicine is gradually
replacing treatment based on the personal experience
of a therapist. This should lead to the optimization of
indications for conservative treatment of idiopathic
scoliosis and help to avoid the two extremes in
treatment – under-treatment (treatment implemented
too late or one that is not intensive enough) and over-
treatment (unnecessary treatment of stable scoliosis).
The guidelines presented in this article should be
treated as recommendations until reliable scientific
evidence concerning conservative treatment of idio -
pathic scoliosis is obtained.
PIŚMIEnnICTWO / REFEREnCES
1. Cobb JR. Outline for the study of scoliosis. AAOS Instr Course Lect 1948; 5: 261-75.
2. Głowacki M, Kotwicki T, Pucher A. Skrzywienie kręgosłupa [w:] Wiktora Degi Ortopedia i Rehabilitacja. Marciniak W, Szulc
A (red.), PZWL, Warszawa 2003.
3. Yarom R, Muhlard A. Platelet pathology in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Lab Invest 1980; 43: 208–16.
4. Uden V, Nilsson J.M, Willner S. Collagen induced platelet aggregation and bleeding time in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
Acta Orthop Scand 1980; 51: 773–5.
5. Dickson RA, Lawton JO, Archer JA. The pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg 1984; 66-B: 8–15.
6. Inoue M, Minami S, Nakata Y. Association between estrogen receptor gene polymorphism and curve severity of idiopathic
scoliosis. Spine 2002; 27: 2357–62.
7. Bagnall KM, Beuerlein M, Johnson P i wsp. Pineal transplantation after pinealectomy in young chickens has no effect on the
development of scoliosis. Spine 2001; 26: 1022–7.
8.
Machida M, Dubousset J, Imamura Y i wsp. Melatonin. A possible role in pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
Spine 1996; 21: 1147–52.
9. Hilibrand A, Blackmore L, Loder R. The role of melatonin in the pathogenesis of adolescent scoliosis. Spine 1996; 21:
1140–6.
10. Lowe TG, Edgar M, Margulies JY. Etiology of idiopathic scoliosis: current trends in research. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2000;
82: 1157–68.
11. Kindsfater R, Lowe K, Lawellin D. Levels of platelet calmodulin for the prediction of severity of adolescent idiopathic
scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg 1994; 76-A: 1186–91.
12. Lonstein J. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Lancet 1994; 344: 1407–12.
13. Burwell RG, Dangerfield PH, Freeman BJC. Concepts on the pathogenesis of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Bone growth
and mass, vertebral column, spinal cord, brain, skull, extra-spinal left-right skeletal length asymmetries, disproportions and
molecular pathogenesis. W: Grivas T.B. ed. The Conservative Scoliosis Treatment. 1st SOSORT Instructional Course Lectures
Book. Amsterdam: IOS Press; 2008. str. 3-52.
14. Parent S, Newton PO, Wenger DR. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: etiology, anatomy, natural history and bracing. Instr
Course Lect 2005; 54: 529–36.
15. Lonstein JE. Scoliosis: surgical versus nonsurgical treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006; 443: 248–59.
16. Negrini S, Grivas TB, Kotwicki T, Maruyama T, Rigo M, Weiss HR et al. Why do we treat adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
What we want to obtain and to avoid for our patients. SOSORT 2005 Consensus paper. Scoliosis [online periodical] 2006; 1:
4. Dostępny pod adresem: www.scoliosisjournal.com.
17. Staheli LT. Układ kostno-stawowy. W : Behrmann RE red. Podręcznik pediatrii. Warszawa: PWN; 1996. str. 1913-61.
18. Tylman D. Patomechanika bocznych skrzywień kręgosłupa. Severus, Warszawa 1997.
19. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Haras J, Bridwell KH, Clements DH, Lowe TG, Blanke K,. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a new
classification to determine extent of spinal arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg 2001; 83-A: 1169-81.
20. Czaprowski D. Wpływ bocznych idiopatycznych skrzywień kręgosłupa na wydolność fizyczną dziewcząt. Rozprawa do -
ktorska. Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Józefa Piłsudskiego, Warszawa 2009.
21. De Maurroy JC. Idiopathic scoliosis and chaos. Stud Health Technol Inform 2008; 135: 53-7.
22. King HA, Moe JHY, Bradford DS, Winter RB. The selection of fusion levels in thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint
Surg 1983; 65-A: 1302-13.
23. Duval-Beaupere G. Rib hump and supine angle as prognostic factors for mild scoliosis. Spine 1992; 17: 103-7.
24. Duval-Beaupere G. Threshold values for supine and standing Cobb angles and rib hump measurements: prognostic factors for
scoliosis. Eur Spine J 1996; 5: 79-84.
25. Tanner JM. Growth and endocrinology of the adolescent [w:] Gardner L (red.) Endocrine and genetic diseases of childhood.
Philadelphia: WB Saunders 1975.
26. Asher MA, Burton DC. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: natural history and long term treatment effects. Scoliosis [online
periodical] 2006; 1: 2. Dostępny pod adresem: www.scoliosisjournal.com.
27. Lonstein JE, Carlson JM. The prediction of curve progression in untreated idiopathic scoliosis during growth. J Bone Joint
Surg 1984; 66-A: 1061-71.
28. Kotwicki T. Improved accuracy in Risser sign grading with lateral spinal radiography. Eur Spine J 2008; 17: 1676-85.
29. Bitan FD, Veliskakis KP, Campbell BC. Differences in the Risser grading systems in the United States and France. Clin Orthop
Relat Res 2005; 436: 190-5.
30. Poumarat CM, Scattin L, Marpeau M. Natural history of progressive adult scoliosis. Spine 2007; 32: 1227-34.
31. Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Spratt KF, Peterson KK, Spoonamore MJ, Ponseti IV. Health and function of patients with untreated
idiopathic scoliosis: a 50-year natural history study. JAMA 2003; 289: 559-67.
32. Durmała J., Tomalak W., Kotwicki T. Function of the respiratory system in patients with idiopathic scoliosis: reasons for
impairment and methods of evaluation. W: Grivas T.B. ed. The Conservative Scoliosis Treatment. 1st SOSORT Instructional
Course Lectures Book. Amsterdam: IOS Press; 2008. str. 237-45.
33. Dubousset J. Premier examen d’un enfant scoliotic [w:] Duparc J. (red.) Orthopediatrie 1. Paris: Expansion Scientifique
Francaise 1991: 1-11.
34. Kotwicki T, Szulc A, Dobosiewicz K, Rąpała K. Patomechanizm progresji skolioz idiopatycznych – znaczenie fizjologicznej
kifozy piersiowej. Ortop Traumat Rehabilit 2002; 4: 758-65.
35. Chong KC, Letts RM, Cumming GR. Influence of spinal curvature on exercise capacity. J Ped Orthop 1981; 1: 251-4.
36. DiRocco P, Breed AL, Carlin JI, Reddan WG. Physical work capacity in adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis. Arch Phys
Med Rehab 1983, 64: 476-9.
37. DiRocco P, Vaccaro P. Cardiopulmonary functioning in adolescent patients with mild idiopathic scoliosis. Arch Phys Med
Rehab 1988, 69:198-9.
38. Smyth RJ, Chapman KR, Wright TA, Crawford JS, Rebuck AS. Pulmonary function in adolescents with mild idiopathic
scoliosis. Thorax 1984, 39: 901-4.
39. Smyth RJ, Chapman KR, Wright TA, Crawford MD, Rebuck AS. Ventilatory patterns during hypoxia, hypercapnia and
exercise in adolescents with mild scoliosis. Pediatrics 1986, 77: 692-6.
40. Szeinberg A, Canny GJ, Rashed N, Veneruso G, Levison H. Forced VC and maximal respiratory pressures in patients with
mild and moderate scoliosis. Ped Pulmon 1988, 4: 8-12.
41. Weber B, Smith JP, Briscoe WA, Friedman SA, King TKC. Pulmonary function in asymptomatic adolescents with idiopathic
scoliosis. Am Rev Resp Dis 1975, 111: 389-97.
42. Branthwaite MA. Cardiorespiratory consequences of unfused idiopathic scoliosis. Br J Dis Chest 1986, 80: 360-9.
43. Davies G, Reid L. Effect of scoliosis on growth of alveoli and pulmonary arteries and on the right ventricle. Arch Dis Child
1971, 46: 623-32.
44. Hitosugi M, Shigeta A, Takatsu A. An autopsy case of sudden death in a patient with idiopathic scoliosis. Medicine, Science
and the Law 2000, 40: 175-8.
45. Pehrsson K, Larsson S, Oden A, Nachemson A. Long term follow-up of patients with untreated scoliosis. A study of mortality,
causes of death and symptoms. Spine 1992, 17: 1091-6.
46. Schneerson JM, Sutton GC, Zorab PA. Causes of death, right ventricular hypertrophy and congenital heart disease in scoliosis.
Clin Orth Rel Res 1978, 135: 52-7.
47. Dunnill MS. Postnatal growth of lung. Thorax 1962;17:329-33.
48. Haddad GG, Perez Fontan J. Układ oddechowy. W : Behrmann RE red. Podręcznik pediatrii. Warszawa: PWN; 1996. str.
1181-92.
49. Ascani E, Bartolozzi P, Logroscino CA, Marchetti PG, Ponte A, Savini R, Travaglini F, Binazzi R, Di Silvestre M. Natural
history of untreated idiopathic scoliosis after skeletal maturity. Spine 1986, 11: 784-9.
50. Collis DK, Ponseti IV. Long-term follow-up of patients with idiopathic scoliosis not treated surgically. J Bone J Surg 1969;
51-A: 425-45.
51. Fowles JV, Drummond DS, L´Ecuyer S, Roy L, Kassab MT. Untreated scoliosis in the adult. Clin Orthop Rel Res 1978, 134:
212-22.
52. Nachemson A. A long term follow-up study of nontreated scoliosis. Acta Orthop Scand 1968, 39: 466-76.
53. Edgar MA. Back pain assessment from a long term follow-up operated and unoperated patients with AIS, Spine 1979, 4: 519-21.
54. Fairbank JC, Pynsent PB, Van Poortvliet JA, Phillips H. Influence of anthropometric factors and joint laxity in the incidence
of adolescent back pain. Spine 1984, 9: 461-4.
55. Kostiuk JP, Bentivoglio J. The incidence of low back pain in adult scoliosis. Spine 1981, 6: 268-73.
56. Jackson RP, Simmons EH, Stripinis D. Incidence and severity of back pain in adult idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 1983, 8: 749-
56.
57. Mayo NE, Goldberg MS, Poitras B, Scott S, Hanley J. The Ste-Justine AIS cohort study. Part III: Back pain, Spine 1994, 14:
1573-81.
58. Nilsonne U, Lundgren K. Long term prognosis in idiopathic scoliosis. Acta Orthop Scand 1968, 39: 456-65.
59. Ramirez N, Johnston CE, Browne RH. The prevalence of back pain in children who have idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint
Surg 1997, 79-A: 364-8.
60. Weinstein SL, Zavala DC, Ponseti IV. Idiopathic scoliosis: long term follow-up and prognosis in untreated patients. J Bone
Joint Surg 1981, 63-A: 702-12.
61. Goldberg MS, Mayo NE, Poitras B, Scott S, Hanley J. The Ste-Justine adolescent idiopathic scoliosis cohort study. Part II:
Perception of health, self and body image and participation in physical activities. Spine 1994, 14: 1562-72.
62. Deviren V, Berven S, Kleinstueck F, Antinnes J, Smith JA, Hu SS. Predictors of flexibility and pain patterns in thoracolumbar
and lumbar idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2002; 27: 2346-9.
63. Zaina F, Negrini S, Atanasio S. TRACE (Trunk Aesthetic Clinical Evaluation), a routine clinical tool to evaluate aesthetics in
scoliosis patients: development from Aesthetic Index (AI) and repeatability. Scoliosis [online periodical] 2009; 4: 3. Dostępny
pod adresem: www.scoliosisjournal.com.
64. Kotwicki T, Kinel E, Chowańska J, Bodnar-Nanuś A. POTSI, Hump Sum i Suma Rotacji – nowe parametry z zakresu
topografii powierzchni ciała dla opisu zniekształcenia tułowia u chorych ze skoliozą. Fizjot. Pol. 2008; 8: 231-40.
65. Nachemson AL, Peterson LE, and members of Brace Study Group of the Scoliosis Research Society. Effectiveness of
treatment with a brace in girls who have adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg 1995; 77: 815-22.
66. Weiss HR, Negrini S, Hawes MC, Rigo M, Kotwicki T, Grivas TB, Maruyama T and members of the SOSORT. Physical
exercises in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis at risk of brace treatment – SOSORT Consensus paper 2005. Scoliosis [online
periodical] 2006; 1: 6. Dostępny pod adresem: www.scoliosisjournal.com.
67. Landauer F, Wimmer C. Therapieziel der Korsettbehandlung bei idiopathischer Adoleszentenskoliose. Med Orth Tech 2003;
123: 33-7.
68. Bunnell WP. An objective criterion for scoliosis screening. J Bone Joint Surg 1984; 66-A: 1381-7.
69. Pruijs JEH, Hageman M, Keessen W, Meer R van der, Wieringen JC. Spinal rotation meter; development and comparison of
a new device. Acta Orthop Belg 1995; 61: 107-12.
70. Gerhardt JJ, Rippstein JR. Gelenk und Bewegung. Bern: Verlag Hans Huber; 1992.
71. Ogilvie JW, Braun J, Argyle V, Nelson L, Meade M, Ward K. The search for idiopathic scoliosis genes. Spine 2006; 31:
679–81.
72. Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Cheng JCY, Danielsson A, Morcuende JA. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Lancet 2008; 371: 1527–37.
73. Rahman T, Bowen JR, Takemitsu M, Scott C. The association between brace compliance and outcome for patients with
idiopathic scoliosis. J Ped Orthop 2005; 25: 420-2.
74. Andersen MO, Andersen GR, Thomsen K, Christensen SB. Early weaning might reduce the psychological strain of Boston
bracing: a study of 136 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis at 3.5 years after termination of brace treatment. J Ped
Orthop B 2002; 11: 96-9.
75. Vasiliadis E. Grivas TB, Savidou O, Triantafyllopoulos G. The influence of brace on quality of life of adolescents with
idiopathic scoliosis. Stud Health Technol Inform 2006; 123: 352-6.
76. Misterska E. Charakterystyka wybranych funkcji psychicznych u chorych ze skoliozą idiopatyczną leczonych zachowawczo
lub operacyjnie. Rozprawa doktorska. Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego, Poznań 2009.
77. Danielsson AJ, Nachemson AL. Back pain and function 22 years after brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a
case-control study. Part I. Spine 2003; 28: 2078-85. Discussion page 2086.
Adres do korespondencji / Address for correspondence
Dr hab. med. Tomasz Kotwicki, e-mail: kotwicki@ump.edu.pl
Katedra i Klinika Ortopedii i Traumatologii Dziecięcej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Poznaniu
61-545 Poznan, ul. 28 Czerwca 1956 roku nr 135, tel. +48 602 61 30 54
Liczba słów/Word count: xxxx
Tabele/Tables: x
Ryciny/Figures: x
Piśmiennictwo/References: x
Otrzymano / Received
xx.xx.200x r.
Zaakceptowano / Accepted
xx.xx.200x r.
Dostları ilə paylaş: |