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Text.2.Put a circle round the correct words in brackets.
Merry – Go – Round!
The costumers at the funfair were leaving (and/but) the lights were going out. The last two
people on dodgem cars paid (and/so) left. The big wheel stopped (for/and) the merry – go –
round stopped (as well/not only). The stalls closed down (so/and) the stall owners went home. At
2 a.m. four nightwatchmen
walked round the funfair, (but/so) there was no one to be seen. I’m
fed up walking round, one of them said, (yet/and) what can we do? We can (or/either) play cards
(either/or) sit and talk. They were bored, (so/for) there was nothing to do on this quiet warm
night. We can have a ride on the merry – go – round! One of them cried: ―That’ll be fun!‖ Three
of them jumped on merry – go – round horses (yet/and) the fourth started the motor. Then he
jumped on too (and/but) round they went. They were having the time of their lives, (but/so)
suddenly realized there was no one to stop the machine. They weren’t rescued till morning
(and/but) by then they felt very sick indeed!
Topshiriq. Matnni o’zbek tiliga tarjima qiling va qo’shma gaplarni bog’lovchi vositalar o’zbek
tilida qanday ifodalanayotganligiga e’tibor bering.
5-mashq. Match the line A with the line B.
A B
1.
He opened the door, she was reading a book
2. When I came home and went out immediately
3. I started bodybuilding and I needed help
4. I was doing a crossword when I was a teenager
5. I was having a shower and I write articles for a car magazine
6. I enjoy motor racing
when the phone rang
7. I didn’t go out much and carries a coloured cloth bag
8. She wears a black hat because I had a terrible cold
9. She was going to come to the party and you are free now
10. The lesson is over but nobody invited her
Ta’lim jarayonining samaradorligi, o’quv materialini o’quvchilar
tomonidan chuqur
o’zlashtirilishlarining eng muhim omillaridan biri-o’qitish usullari hisoblanadi. Bilim,
ko’nikma va malakalarning shakllanishi uchun qo’llaniladgan ta’lim usullari o’quv
maqsadi, til materialining hususiyati, o’quvchilarning bilim darajasi, qiziqishari asosida
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tanlab olinadi. Ular texnologik jarayon qismlarining bir-biri bilan bog’lab turuvchi
muhim didaktik bo’g’in hisoblanadi. Shuningdek, ta’lim usullari o’qituvchi va
o’quvchilarning ta’lim jarayonida hamkorligini amalga oshiruvchi vosita hamdir.
Ma’lumki, ta’lim jarayonidagi o’qituvchi va o’quvchi hamkorligining natijasi o’qitish
oldiga qo’yilgan
maqsadga erishilishini, ya’ni loyihalashtirilgan bilim ko’nikma va
malakalarning o’quvchi tomonidan o’zlashtirilishidir. Pedagogik texnalogiyaga oid
adabiyotlarda ko’rsatilishicha ta’lim beruvchi va ta’lim oluvchining maqsadlarining
amalgam oshiruvchi vazifani ta’lim usullari bajarar ekan. Ma’lumki, o’quv jarayonida
ta’lim beruvchi va ta’lim oluvchining maqsadi va faoliyati har xil bo’lsada, ko’zlangan
natijaga birga erishiladi. Bunga esa faqat birgalikdagi faoliyat hamkorlik faoliyati bilan
erishish mumkin. Shuning uchun ham darsning tashkil qilishda o’qituvchi va
o’quvchilarning o’zaro hamkorligi bir-biriga ishonch va hurmat asosida tashkil qilinishi
maqsadga muofiq. Ushbu usullar chet tili o’qitishdagi mashq qilish va nutqiy vaziyatlarda
qo’llash bosqichlarida maqsadli foydalaniladi. Shuning uchun
ham qaysi usuldan qaysi
vaziyatda va qanday foydalanish o’qitish oldiga qo’yilgan maqsad va o’quv materialining
harakteridan kelib chiqib aniqlanadi.
Didaktik o’yinlar o’quvchining diqqatini bir joyga to’plashgayordam
beradi, keng va erkin fikrl ashga unda ydi. Mashx urpsixolog N. I. J inki nni ng
―tilni o’rganishda kishi o’qituvchining nazoratidan o’zini -o’zi nazorat qilishga
o’tsagina ko’zlagan maqsadga erishish mumkin‖ degan fikri qiziqarlidir. Biz
ushbu fikrlarga qo’shilgan holda didaktik o’yinlarni dars jarayoniga ol ib
kirishni quyidagi o’yin namunalari misolida keltiramiz. Bu didaktik o’yinlar
jarayonida o’quvchilar bevosita o’zini –o’zi boshqarishga o’tadi va erkin
muloqot qilishga o’rganadi.
O’qituvchi o’quvchilarga quyidagicha buyruq beradi :
Pleas e, ask each othe r’s nam es and up a line according t o the firs t let ter of
your nam es. Har bi r o’quvchi o’z o’rtoqlaridan i sml ari ni i ngliz tilida s o’ra ydi ,
ismlarini bosh harfiga ko’ra АВС tarzida joylashadilar. Masalan: Aziza, Botir,
―Count one, two‖ buyrug’i beriladi. O’q uvchilar ―bir, ikki‖
deb sanab, ―birlar‖
bir tomonga , ―i kkil ar ‖ bi r tomonga t uradil ar . Shunda y qili b, qatnashuvchil ar
teng ikkiga ajraladilar, masalan, sinfda 16 nafar o’quvchi bo’lsa 8 tadan yoki
20 nafar bo’lsa 10 t adan kabi. Har bir guruh a’z olari bi r-biri ga qaram a –
qarshi
stol at rofida o’t iradilar. Har bi r i shti rokchi al ohida qog’ozga bitt adan so’z
yoz adi, qatnashuvchilar soni nechta bo’lsa , shuncha so’z yozadil ar, ya’ni 1 6
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nafar o’quvchi bo’lsa, ular ikkiga ajralganda 8 nafar ishtirokchi bo’ladi va
qog’ozga 8 ta so’z yoziladi . Masalan:yesterday, door, open, cry, letter, already,
to be em barrass ed, l ong s o’zl ari bo’lis hi mumkin. Ana s hu 8 ta s o’z yoz il gan
qog’ozlar o’zaro almashtiriladi. Har bir guruh raqib guruhning yozgan so’zlari
ishti roki da nutqi y holat t uzadilar. So’ngra t uzil gan hol atl ar o’qib eshitti ril adi.
Nutqiy holat quyidagicha tuzilgan bo’lishi mumkin :
Yesterda y wen t to s leep ver y l at e. I was awoken b y l oud knocking of the
door. I was so afraid who mi ght knock at the door at mi dni ght. I d i dn’t open m y
eyes and I didn’t answer, but knocking of the door didn’t stop. Then I cried who
it was. I had thought that post officer brought me a l ett er. I st ood up
immediately. It was already morning. It was «who»
embarrassed for my long
sleepi ng.
Bu o’ yinlar j ara yoni da o’quvchi o’z fikrini chet til ida o’qi tuvchi ga emas,
balki o’rtoqlariga aytadi , bu esa unda xato qilishdan qo’rqish hissini yo’qotadi.
O’yin davomida yo’l qo’yilgan xatolar o’yin yakunida o’rtoqlari yoki o’qituvchi
tomonidan to’g’rilanadi.
Darslarni didaktik o’yinlar orqali o’tkazish hozirgi kunda keng tadbiq
etilayotgan yangi zamonaviy metodlardan bo’lib, bu har ikki tomon uchun
manzur va ma’qul bo’lgan usuldir. Ta’lim va tarbiyaga yo’naltirilgan didaktik
o’yinlar jarayonida o’quvchilar o’zini darsda emas o’yinda qatnashayotganini
his qili b, o’zlaridagi bor bilimini va m ahoratini i shga soli di ham da g’al aba
qozonishda o’rtoqlariga yordam beradi. Bu jarayonda o’qituvchi auditoriyadagi
barcha o’quvchilarni darsga ishtirokini ta’minlaydi
va u larni darsga teng jalb
qila oladi hamda o’quvchilarni bilimini tekshirib baholaydi.