Means of expressing modality in Modern English

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

SAMARKAND STATE INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
ENGLISH FACULTY II

COURSE PAPER
THEME: MEANS OF EXPRESSING MODALITY IN MODERN ENGLISH
Student: Karimova Afruza
Scientific supervisor: Ochilova N.N.
Samarkand 2023
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.….……………………………………………………....…….3
CHAPTER I. REVIEW OF THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL STUDYING OF MODALITY IN MODERN ENGLISH …………...…………6
1.1 The Notion and Category of Modality.…………….…………………….....….6
1.2 Modal Words, Lexical Composition and Classification of Modal Words……10
CHAPTER II. GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF MODAL VERBS.……17
2.1 The Verb Must and Need……….……………..………………………………18
2.2 The Verb May - Might………………………………………….………….….20
CONCLUSION.……………………………………………….……….……...…24
THE LIST OF USED LITERATURE.………………………….………...……25

INTRODUCTION
"Improving the quality of education is the only correct way for the development of New Uzbekistan. In the upper grades, children are formed as individuals and as groups. At the same time, they should not be separated from the environment in which they study. This can have a negative impact on the morale, attendance and, ultimately, education of young people. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the smoothness of the educational process and improve the curriculum." Mirziyoyev Sh. M. [1,27]
Lexicology is the part of linguistics which studies words. This may include their nature and function as symbols their meaning, the relationship of their meaning to epistemology in general, and the rules of their composition from smaller elements (morphemes such as the English -ed marker for past or un- for negation; and phonemes as basic sound units). Lexicology also involves relations between words, which may involve semantics (for example, love vs. affection), derivation (for example, fathom vs. unfathomably), usage and sociolinguistic distinctions (for example, flesh vs. meat), and any other issues involved in analyzing the whole lexicon of a language(s).
Modality – is a multifold phenomenon, and therefore in the linguistic literature we can find different thoughts concerning the essence of this phenomenon. Modality is a category of linguistic meaning having to do with the expression of possibility and necessity. There are different types of modality and the topicality of our term paper is caused by the necessity to improve knowledge about the term modality and its expression.
The problem of modality as an object of interdisciplinary knowledge that is relevant to the modern science, has long been interested in the humanities scholars working in different fields research - logicians, linguists, psychologists, semioticians. A case of studying modality is complicated by multi-pronged approach to it, which leads to different interpretations. Linguistics borrowed the concept of modality from logic and philosophy which define it as the information related to the attitude of the statement to the reality, or its evaluative, temporal and other characteristics. Among the scholars who investigate modality we can mention Sh. Ballie – he was the first to define the category of modality in West-European linguistics. And in Russian linguistics the prominent role in researching the category of modality belongs to academician V.V. Vinogradov. He wrote a lot of books connected with this notion and means of its expression. A lot of works are based on his understanding of modality. Among the other scholars who also tried to describe the modality phenomenon are V.Z. Panfilov, G.A. Zolotova, L.S. Yermolaeva, G.V. Kolshanskiy and others. Numerous linguistic scholars have created various modality classifications, for example N. Petrov, F.R. Palmer, G.J. Lyons, A.B. Bondarenko. Category of modality is one of the most complex and contradictory interpreted in grammatical theory. Despite the presence of fairly long tradition of research modality and a huge amount of literature devoted to it, it is still in a sense blind spot of modern linguistics.