Nutcracker syndrome



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Nutcracker syndrome
Kaan Gulleroglu, Basak Gulleroglu, Esra Baskin

CITATION

Gulleroglu K, Gulleroglu B, Baskin E. Nutcracker syndrome. World J Nephrol 2014; 3(4): 277-281

URL

http://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v3/i4/277.htm

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v3.i4.277

OPEN ACCESS

Articles published by this Open-Access journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license.

CORE TIP

The nutcracker phenomenon [left renal vein (LRV) entrapment syndrome] refers to compression of the LRV most commonly between abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery. Term of nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is used for patients with clinical symptoms associated with nutcracker anatomy. The symptoms vary from asymptomatic hematuria to severe pelvic congestion. The management of NCS depends upon the clinical presentation and the severity of the LRV hypertension.

KEY WORDS

Nutcracker syndrome; Renal vein entrapment; Hematuria; Orthostatic proteinuria; Left renal vein hypertension


COPYRIGHT

© 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc . All rights reserved.


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