1 republic of uzbekistan ministry of higher and secondary specialised education

Word formation by affixation: 
1. Formation of parts of speech. Suffixes which can form
different parts of speech: 

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a) noun-forming suffixes, such as: -er (teacher), -dom 
(kingdom), -ism (socialism), -ник (ночник), -uvchi (‘oqituvchi), –lik 
(bolalik); 
b) adjective-forming suffixes: -able (comforable), -less 
(homeless), -ous (famous), -ный (умный), -li (aqlli), -siz (aybsiz); 
c) verb-forming suffixes: -ize (critisize), -ify (classify), -ать 
(обедать), 
-ничать (нервничать), -lan/-la (uylan, ishla) ; 
d) adverb-forming suffixes: -ly (angrily, badly), -о (заметно), 
-ски (варварски), -lab (yaxshilab), -ona (oqilona); 
e) numeral-forming suffixes: -teen (seventeen), -ty (ninety), -
надцать (шестнадцать), -ой (-ый) (пятый, шестой), -tа (uchta),-
nchi/-inchi (beshinchi,ikkinchi). 
2. Formation of new words. Suffixes changing the lexical
meaning of the stem can be subdivided into groups: noun-forming
suffixes can denote: 
a) the agent of the action: -er (writer), -ist (scientist), -ant
(assistant), 
-тель (писатель), -chi(ishchi); 
b) nationality: -ian (Russian), -ese (Japanese), -ish (English). In 
Russian and Uzbek languages in this case the place of the nation is 
expressed: - ич (москвич), -lik (Xorazmlik); 
c) quality: -ness (darkness), -ity (ability), -ота ( красота, 
темнота), -chan (o’ychan, ishchan); 
d) collectivity: -ship (relationship, friendship), -чество 
(человечество) -ба (дружба) -lik (do’slik, birdamlik); 
e) diminutive meaning: -y (doggy, daddy), – ie (birdie, sweetie), 
-ек(огонек), -ик (домик), -ка(книжка) , -chan (uyatchan, 
k’ongilchan) – chil (dardchil) – simon (odamsimon), -cha(bog’cha), . 
3. Word formation by adding affixes to verbs, nouns and 
adjectives: 
a) suffixes added to verbal stems, such as: -er (teacher), -ing
(painting, failing, building), 
-able (acceptable, considerable), -ment (enjoyment), -ation
(information); - cтво (руководство, ), - qich (tutqich, ochqich); 
b) suffixes added to noun stems: -less (priceless), -ful
(beautyful), -ism (socialism), -ish (boyish), -ный (умный), - kor 

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(bunyodkor), -gar (kimyogar); 
c) suffixes added to adjective stems, such as: -en (weaken), -
ly (pinkly), -ish (longish), -ness (whiteness), -ость (милость), - lik 
(g'ozallik).