A jumaboyev, Z. Mamatov, O‘. A. Xolikulov, sh sh. Yormatov optikadan masalalar to‘plami

21. Yorug‘lik bosimi
21.1 10¹⁹ ta foton 21.2 2,52∙10¹³ , 7,56∙10²¹21.3 1,5 kW/m²21.4 0,1 pN 21.5 10^-7 kg∙m/s 21.6 11,2 mN 21.7 3,5 mkPa, 7 mkPa 21.8 46,6 mkPa va 23,5 mkPa 21.9 4,7 mkPa 21.10 54 mkPa 21.11 2,25 mkPa 21.12 24 nPa 21.13 0,96 mkN 21.14 1,9 marta 21.15
22. Fotoeffekt. Rentgen nurlanishi.
22.1 4,92∙10⁵ m/s 22.2 497 nm 22.3 3,33∙10^-19 J 22.4 3,43∙10^-19 J, 597 nm 22.5 273 nm22.6 725 mV22.7 547 nm 22.8 22.9 22.10 Ortadi 22.11 Yuz bermyadi, chunki, mis uchun fitieffektning qizil chegarasi 270 nm 22.12-22.14 22.15 a) 1,08 Mm/s; b) 226 Mm/s. 22.16 651 nm 22.17 2,49 eV 22.18 Kuzatilmaydi, chunki, fotonning energiyasi (4,1 eV), elektronning chiqish ishi(4,7 eV)dan kichik. 22.19 0,8 22.20 2,3 eV 22.21 4 eV 22.22 4,3 nm 22.23 370 Mm/s 22.24 241 MeV 22.25 4,5 eV 22.26 1) 4,5 eV; 2) 9,1∙10⁵ m/s; 3) 2,38 eV 22.27 13,2∙10¹⁴ Hz 22.28 1,75 V 22.29 204 nm va 234 nm. 22.30 3,45∙10^-25 kg∙m/s 22.31 6,6∙10^-34 J∙s 22.32 4,2 eV 22.33 Yuz bermaydi. Chunki, yorug‘lik kvantining energiyasi 2,11 eV, elektronning metalldan chiqish ishida 0,29 eV ga kam. 22.34 4,7 eV, 4,5 eV, 2,4 eB, 2,3 eV, 2 eV. 22.35 840 km/s 22.36 213 nm 22.37 6,2 eV, 5 eV, 650 km/s 22.38 0,6 eV 22.39 10 nm 22.40 10,3 V 22.41 0,75 V 22.42 6,6∙10^-34 J 22.43 59,3 Mm/s 22.44 29,5 Mm/s 22.45 7,3∙10¹⁸ Hz 22.46 6,6∙10^-34 J 22.47 41,4 pm 22.48 4,81 eV 22.49 4,1 eV 22.50 1240 V 22.51 24,8 pm 22.52 6 Mm/s 22.53 41,3 kV 22.54 Ro‘y bermaydi, chunki, rux uchun fotoeffektning qizil chegarasi 290 nm. 22.55 760 km/s 22.56 94 nm


23. Kompton effekti.
23.1 1) Boshlang‘ich energiyasi sochilayotgan kvantlar tomonidan beriladigan energiya ancha kichik bo‘lgan elektronlar erkin bo‘ladi; 2) Bu holda elektronlarning bog‘lanish energiyasi kelib urilayotgan kvantlar energiyasi bilan bir xil tartibda, shu sababli erkin elektronlar yo‘q. 23.2 Elektron atomda qanchalik kuchli bog‘langan bo‘lsa, tushayotgan kvantdan shunchalik kam energiya olishi mumkin. Yengil elementlarda elektronlar kuchsiz bog‘langan bo‘ladi, og‘ir elementlarda esa bog‘lanish energiyasi ancha ortadi va kuchli bog‘langan elektronlarning nisbiy soni ortadi. 23.3 1,32 fm. 23.4 Δλ=2,4 pm, to‘lqin uzunnligiga bog‘liq bo‘lmaydi. To‘lqin uzunligining nisbiy o‘zgarishi: oq yorug‘lik uchun 0,48∙10^-5, γ-nurlar uchun 0,48. 23.5 -1,2 pm 23.6 Δλ=2λ_c; 4,8 pm va 2,6 fm 23.7 59,9 pm 23.8 2,8 marta 23.9 26,7 pm 23.10 90⁰, 24 keV 23.11 119 keV, 185 keV, 256 keV 23.12 0,43 MeV; 0,42∙10^-27 N∙s. 23.13 1,85 MeV 23.14 1) 0,43 MeV; 2) 0,32 MeV; 3) 35⁰. 23.15 57 pm 23.16 4,84 pm va 2,64 fm 23.17 120⁰ va 240⁰23.18 0,224 MeV, 0,176 MeV 23.19 – 23.24


24. Issiqlik nurlanishi.
24.1 1000 K 24.2 200 K 24.3 3,85 GJ 24.4 52,5 W 24.5 16 marta ortadi 24.6 126 K 24.7 1,24 marta 24.8 21,8 GJ 24.9 0,7 24.10 1390 W 24.11 3,3 marta 24.12 5800 K 24.13 396 K 24.14 1503 s 24.15 20 kK 24.16 500 nm, ko‘rish sohasida 24.17 Mumkin emas, chunki λ_m=242 nm. 24.18 1,45 kJ 24.19 1 mkm, infraqizil soha 24.20 1870 J, 20,8 pg. 24.21 7,5 kW 24.22 1,85 marta 24.23 3,3 marta, 565 K 24.24 360 nm, 3,1 marta 24.2524.26 648 K 24.27 1000 K 24.28 3,65 kJ 24.29 56,7 GW 24.30 4 % 24.31 1,19 marta 24.32 64,7 MW/m⁴, 5,8 kK 24.33 396 K 24.34 5,88 kW/m², 1,76 kJ 24.35 0,9537 24.36 0,71 24.37 0,267 24.38 866 K 24.39 10,6 mkm 24.40 54 nm 24.41 3,8 kK 24.42 7,6 kK 24.43 4; 98 kK 24.44 3,62 kK, 7,24 kK. 24.45 95,8 mW 24.46 1,45 mkm 24.47 1) 30 MW/m²; 2) 600 W/m²


Ilova
Gaz va bug‘larning sindirish ko‘rsatkichlari
Sindirish ko‘rsatkichi – n ning qiymatlari, me’yoriy sharoitdagi natriy sariq chizig‘i (λ=589,3 nm) uchun ko‘rsatilgan

Gaz, bug‘	N		Gaz, bug‘	n
Ammiak	1,000375		Neon	1,000067
Argon	1,000284		Oltingugurt oksidi (IV)	1,000660
Atsetilin	1,000606		Oltingugurt oksidi (VI)	1,000737
Azot	1,000297		Serovodorod	1,000619
Ftor	1,000195		Simob bug‘lari	1,000933
Geliy	1,000035		Suv bug‘i	1,000252
Havo	1,000292		Uglerod oksidi (II)	1,000334
Kislorod	1,000272		Uglerod oksidi (IV)	1,000450
Krypton	1,000427		Vodorod	1,000138
Ksenon	1,000702		Xlor	1,000768
Metan	1,000441		Xloroform bug‘lari	1,001455

Suyuqliklarning sindirish ko‘rsatkichi

Suyuqlik	n
Anilin	1,589
Atseton	1,359
Benzin	1,38-1,41
Benzol	1,501
Efir	1,354
Etil spirit	1,361
Glitserin	1,474
Metal spirit	1,329
O‘simlik moyi	1,47
Oltingugurt kislotasi	1,43
Suv	1,333
Suyuq azot	1,205
Suyuq kislorod	1,221
Toluol	1,497
Transformator moyi	1,476-1,488
Xlor kislotasi	1,254
Xloroform	1,446

Suvningturlito‘lqinuzunliklariuchunsindirishko‘rsatkichi (20 ⁰C)

To‘lqin uzunligi, nm	N		To‘lqin uzunligi, nm	n
303,4	1,3581		546,1	1,3345
361,1	1,3474		589,3	1,3330
404,7	1,3428		643,8	1,3314
480,0	1,3374		656,3	1,3311
486,1	1,3371		768,2	1,3289
508,6	1,3360		1256,0	1,3210

Turli haroratda suvning sindirish ko‘rsatkichi

t, ^0C	n	t, ^0C	n	t, ^0C	n
0	1,33395	10	1,33369	20	1,33299
1	1,33395	11	1,33364	21	1,33290
2	1,33394	12	1,33358	22	1,33280
3	1,33393	13	1,33352	23	1,33271
4	1,33391	14	1,33346	24	1,33261
5	1,33388	15	1,33339	25	1,33250
6	1,33385	16	1,33331	30	1,33194
7	1,33382	17	1,33324	40	1,33061
8	1,33378	18	1,33316	50	1,32904
9	1,33374	19	1,33307	60	1,32725

Qattiq moddalarning sindirish ko‘rsatkichi

Modda	n
Jelatin	1,525
Kamfara	1,546
Kvars	1,544
Muz (-4 - 0 ^0C)	1,310
Olmos	2,417
Organik shisha	1,485-1,500
Kvars oyna	1,458
Oddiy oyna	1,48-1,53
Optik oyna	1,47-2,04
Polistirol	1,592
Qahrabo	1,532
Slyuda	1,56-1,60
Topaz	1,63

To‘la ichki qaytishning chegaraviy burchaklari

Modda	Chegaraviy burchak, ^o	Modda	Chegaraviy burchak, ^o
Olmos	25	Oyna (turiga qarab)	30-42
Suv	49	Serouglerod	38
Glitserin	43	Spirt	47
Muz	50	Optik shisha	35-41
Organik shisha	42	Etil efiri	47

Sindirish ko‘rsatkichining to‘lqin uzunligiga bog‘liqligi

To‘lqin uzunligi, nm	Rang	Muhit
		Shisha oyna	Yengil shisha oyna	Suv
656,3	Qizil	1.6444	1,5145	1,3311
589,3	Sariq	1,6499	1,5170	1,3330
546,1	Yashil	1,6546	1,5191	1,3345
480,0	Ko‘k	1,6648	1,5235	1,3374
404,7	Binafsharang	1,6852	1,5318	1,3428