A short ethiopic vocabulary



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ETHIOPIC VOCABULARY doc

There is no consistent policy on the doubling of consonants (which in any case is not indicated in the script); single consonants sometimes appear double, and double ones single.

A Short Explanation of our System of Transliteration


The system of transliteration used here is designed to express each letter by an invariable combination of roman letters, but there are a few minor confusions.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th

ሀ ሁ ሂ ሃ ሄ ህ ሆ

HA HU HÎ HÂ HE H, Hı HO2

ለ ሉ ሊ ላ ሌ ል ሎ

LA LU LÎ LÂ LE L, Lı LO

ሐ ሑ ሒ ሓ ሔ ሕ ሖ

HHA HHU HHÎ HHÂ HHE HH,HHı HHO3

መ ሙ ሚ ማ ሜ ም ሞ

MA MU MÎ MÂ ME M, Mı MO

ሠ ሡ ሢ ሣ ሤ ሥ ሦ

ŠA ŠU ŠÎ ŠÂ ŠE Š, Šı ŠO4

ረ ሩ ሪ ራ ሬ ር ሮ

RA RU RÎ RÂ RE R,Rı RO

ሰ ሱ ሲ ሳ ሴ ስ ሶ

SA SU SÎ SÂ SE S, Sı SO

ቀ ቁ ቂ ቃ ቄ ቅ ቆ

QA QU QÎ QÂ QE Q, Qı QO5

በ ቡ ቢ ባ ቤ ብ ቦ

BA BU BÎ BÂ BE B, Bı BO

ተ ቱ ቲ ታ ቴ ት ቶ

TA TU TÎ TÂ TE T, Tı TO6

ኀ ኁ ኂ ኃ ኄ ኅ ኆ

XHA XHU XHÎ XHÂ XHE XH,XHı XHO7


ነ ኑ ኒ ና ኔ ን ኖ

NA NU NÎ NÂ NE N, Nı NO

አ ኡ ኢ ኣ ኤ እ ኦ

A U Î Â E ı O8

ከ ኩ ኪ ካ ኬ ክ ኮ

KA KU KÎ KÂ KE K, Kı KO

ወ ዉ ዊ ዋ ዌ ው ዎ

WA WU WÎ WÂ WE W, Wı WO

ዐ ዑ ዒ ዓ ዔ ዕ ዖ

8A 8U 8Î 8Â 8E 8, 8ı 8O9

ዘ ዙ ዚ ዛ ዜ ዝ ዞ

ZA ZU ZÎ ZÂ ZE Z, Zı ZO

የ ዩ ዪ ያ ዬ ይ ዮ

YA YU YÎ YÂ YE Y, Yı YO

ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ዴ ድ ዶ

DA DU DÎ DÂ DE D, Dı DO

ገ ጉ ጊ ጋ ጌ ግ ጎ

GA GU GÎ GÂ GE G, Gı GO

ጠ ጡ ጢ ጣ ጤ ጥ ጦ

T’A T’U T’Î T’Â T’E T’, T’ı T’O10


ጰ ጱ ጲ ጳ ጴ ጵ ጶ

PA PU PÎ PÂ PE P, Pı PO

ጸ ጹ ጺ ጻ ጼ ጽ ጾ

TSA TSU TSÎ TSÂ TSE TS,TSı TSO

ፀ ፁ ፂ ፃ ፄ ፅ ፆ

TS’A TS’U TS’Î TS’Â TS’E TS’,TS’I TS’O11

ፈ ፉ ፊ ፋ ፌ ፍ ፎ

FA FU FÎ FÂ FE F, Fı FO


Additional letters:

ኰ ኲ ኳ ኴ ኵ

KwA KwÎ Kw KwE Kw,Kwı

ቈ ቊ ቋ ቌ ቍ

QwA QwÎ Qw QwE Qw,Qwı

ኈ ኊ ኋ ኌ ኍ

XHwA XHwÎ XHw XHwE XHw,XHwı

ጐ ጒ ጓ ጔ ጕ

GwA GwÎ Gw GwE Gw,Gwı
Punctuation:

፡ ። ፣ ፤ ፥

Word divider full stop commas, semi-colons

Numerals:

፩ ፪ ፫ ፬ ፭ ፮ ፯ ፰ ፱ ፲ ፳ ፴

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30

፵ ፶ ፷ ፸ ፹ ፺ ፻

40 50 60 70 80 90 100

First Section:
Ethiopic – English

1. H (“ordinary h”) ሀሁሂሃሄህሆ


ሀሎ፡ they were
ሃሌ ፡ ሉያ ፡ Alleluia (HÂLE LUYÂ)

ሃይማኖት ፡ Faith

ሃይማኖት ፡ መሲሐዊት ፡ Messianic Faith
ህየ፡ there, in that place
ሄኖክ ፡ Enoch
2. L ለሉሊላ ሌልሎ
ለሐወ ፡ (LAHHAWA) he mourned

ለኪሰ ፡ sword

ለዓለም ፡ for ever

ለዕሌሆሙ ፡ on them


ሉቃስ ፡ Luke
ላህብ ፡ heat

ላሓ ፡ ማርያም ፡ the Lamentation of Mary

ላሐወ ፡ (LÂHHAWA) he mourned for

ላእክተ ፡ leading men of


ሌሊት፡ night
ልብ ፡ (LıBB) heart

ልብየ ፡ my heart

ልዕልናሁ ፡ its height
3. HH (“strong h”) ሐሑሒሓሔሕሖ

ሐለወ፡ (HHALLAWA) he watched ሐመ/ሐምመ፡ (HHAMMA) he suffered

ሐእበ፡ beside

ሐደሰ፡ (HHADDASA) he renewed

ሐዲስ ፡ new

ሐጕል፡ (HHAGwıL) perdition


ሓይት ፡ HHÂWT, name of the letter ሐ
ሕሊነ ፡ ልብያኒ ፡ the thoughts of my heart

ሕዝብ ፡ people

ሕጉ፡ his law

ሕፃን ፡ (HHıTS’ÂN) infant, baby, child


4. M መሙሚማ ሜምሞ

መልአክ ፡ angel

መልክ ፡ hymn with 5-line stanzas

መልዕልተ ፡ above (constr.)

መሲሖ ፡ Messias, Messiah (acc.?)

መሐለ ፡ he swore (an oath)

መሳልየተ ፡ the parables of

መስቀሉ ፡ his cross

መቃብር ፡ sepulchre, tomb

መቅደስ ፡ sanctuary

መብረቅ ፡ lightning

መንበረ ፡ throne (accusative form)

መንክር ፡ miracles

መንግሥት ፡ reign

መንፈስ ፡ ቅዱስ ፡ the Holy Spirit

መካኖ ፡ place (acc.)

መዓት ፡ rage

መዛምርት ፡ psalms

መዝሙር፡ ዘዳዊት፡ The Psalms of David

መዓልት ፡day (= ዮም ፡ )

መዓልተ ፡ ወሌሊት ፡ day and night

መጽአ ፡ he went

መጽሐፈ ፡ ሰዐታት ፡ Book of Hours
ሙሴ ፡ Moses
ማይ ፡ water
ምሕረቱ ፡ his mercy

ምስለ ፡ with, Latin: cum

ምስለ ፡ በ- ፡ with, in, etc.

ምናሴ ፡ Manasse, Manasses

ምድረ ፡ earth (acc.)

ምድር ፡ earth, land

ምጽናዕ ፡ firmament

5. Š (like sh in Eng. “shop”) ሠሡሢሣሤሥሦ


ሠናይ ፡ good
ሣልስት ፡ ዕለም ፡ the third day
ሥሉስ ፡ ቅዱስ ፡ the Holy Triune One /

Trinity

ሥላሴ ፡ the Holy Trinity

ሥርናይ ፡ finest

ሥጋ ፡ body

6. R ረሩሪራሬርሮ
ረእያት፡ visions

ረእይሰ ፡ vision

ረውየ ፡ to drink to satiety
ሩት ፡ Ruth
ራስ ፡ Ras, an Ethiopian title of

nobility
ርሕበ ፡ to be wide

ርመስመሰ ፡ to feel as a blind man does

ርስተ ፡ inheritance (acc.& constr.)

ርኅበ ፡ to be hungry

ርኢኩ ፡ I saw

ርእየ ፡ he saw

ርእያ ፡ they saw/ have seen


ሮም ፡ Rome
7. S ሰሱሲሳ ሴስሶ
ሰላም ፡ peace

ሰሎሞን ፡ Solomon

ሰማየ ፡ heaven (acc.)

ሰማይ ፡heaven

ሰማዕናሁ ፡ we heard it

ሰብሐ ፡ he praised/glorified

ሰብሕዎ ፡ Sing! Praise! (impera. pl.)

ሰብእ ፡ man, person

ሰንበት ፡ Sabbath

ሰይጣን ፡ Satan


ሲኣል፡ Latin: inferni, Sheol, Hades
ሳብዕ ፡ ሰማይ፡ seventh heaven
ስመ ፡ name of

ስምከ ፡ thy/your name

ስምዖን ፡ Simon, Simeon

ስብሐተ ፡ እግዚአብሔር ፡ the glory of the

Lord

ስብሐት ፡ (acc.) glory



ስእልክዎ ፡ I asked (him)

ስደቱኒ ፡ persecution


8. Q ቀቁቂቃቄቅቆ
ቀላያት ፡ springs of water

ቀስቶሙ ፡ their archery bows

ቀተለ ፡ he killed
ቁስጠንጢኖስ፡ Constantine
ቃል ፡ voice, word

ቃልየ ፡ my voice


ቅዉማን ፡ standing

ቅድመ ፡ before, in front of


ቆሙ ፡ they have arisen/got up

ቆሬ ፡ Koré

9. B በቡቢባ ቤብቦ
በ- in (prep., prefixed to word)

በልብ ፡ ወበልብ ፡ ይትነገሩ፡ “in the heart and

in the heart they speak” = they

prevaricate

በመዓት ፡ ዐቢይ ፡ in a great rage

በማእሰረ ፡ ሰላም ፡ in the bond of peace

በምክረ ፡ ረሲዓን ፡ in the counsel of the

wicked


በረድ ፡ the cold, snow

በርሀ ፡ to become enlightened

በስመ ፡ in the name of… (constr.)

በትረ ፡ ኀጺን ፡ a rod of iron

በኀበ ፡ by, with, Latin: apud

በእንተ ፡ because of

በእደ፡ by the hand of (by + person)

በከመ ፡ just as, according to

በከመ… ከማሁ ፡ just as… just as…

በከይነ ፡ we wept

በየማኑ ፡ on its/his right-hand side

በዓመተ ፡ in the year of

በዓመተ ፡ ፳ወ፮፡ in the 26th year

በዕፅ ፡ on wood

በጽምሚት ፡ in the dark

በጽባሕ ፡ in the morning

በፀጋሙ ፡ on its/his left-hand side

በፅዐ ፡ he vowed, promised

በኵሉ ፡ ጊዜ ፡ always

በቌጸ ፡ to rake coals of fire together


ባሕረ ፡ ኤርትራ ፡ the Red(Eritrean)Sea

ባሕር ፡ sea

ባቢሎን ፡ Babylon
ቤተ ፡ the house of (constr.)

ቤተ ፡ ልሔም ፡ Bethlehem


ብህንሳ ፡ BιHNιSÂ in Egypt = Oxyrhyncus

ብርሃናተ ፡ ዐበይተ፡ great lights (acc.)

ብርሃን ፡ light (noun)

ብዙኀ ፡ much

ብፁዓን ፡ blessed are they

ብፁዕ ፡ blessed, blessed is he


ቦቱ ፡ in him
10. T (ordinary or light t) ተቱቲታቴትቶ
ተስፋ ፡ hope

ተከሢቶ ፡ while were opened

ተአመረ ፡ (reflex.) to show oneself

ተአመኑ ፡ they believe

ተኣሞር ፡ signs

ተወለጠ ፡ he was transformed

ተወልጦቱ ፡ his transformation

ተዋሕዶ ፡ (TAWÂHHDO) the Monophysite



faith of the Ethiopian Orthodox

Church

ተዘከሮ ፡ remember (imperative)

ተጠየረ ፡ to observe the flight of

birds

ተጸንዐ ፡ (reflex.)to harden something

ተፀነስኩ ፡ I was conceived

ተፈሥሐ ፡ (reflex.) to rejoice

ተፈጥሩ፡ they were created/made
ትምህተ ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ Doctrine of the Faith

ትንቢታት ፡ prophecies

ትንቢቶሙ ፡ their prophecy
11. XH (very strong h) ኀኁኂኃኄኅኆ

- also see XHw, below.


ኀምስቱ ፡ ሰማያት ፡ the fifth heaven

ኀበ ፡ (XHABA) towards

ኀይለ ፡ ሥላሴ ፡ (XHAYLA SıLÂSSE) the

power of the Trinity, “Haile

Selassie”

ኀይሉ ፡ his powers, his might


ኄር፡ (XHER) good
ኅጽዋን ፡ (XHıTSWÂN) eunuchs
12. N ነኑኒናኔንኖ
ነበረ ፡ sat, was, was situated

ነበርነ ፡ we sat, were, were situated

ነቢብከ ፡ your (thy) word

ነቢይ ፡ prophet

ነቢያት ፡ prophets

፵ ነቢያት ፡ 40 prophets

ነዋ ፡ Behold! Latin: Ecce!

ነኪር ፡ strange, foreign

ነገራተ ፡ sayings of, words of

(constr.)

ነጸረ ፡ (NATSTSARA) to view, consider

(intensive form)

ነፅኆ ፡ (NATS’XHO) he threw
ነፍስየ ፡ my soul, spirit
ናሁ ፡ Lo! Behold! How…!
ንብል ፡ saying

ንዋመ ፡ sleep (acc.)


13. glottal stop, “ALF” አኡኢኣኤእኦ (AUÎÂEıO)

አላ ፡ but


አምላክ ፡ God = the Greek ο Θεος

አሕቁል ፡ open fields, countryside

አሕዛብ ፡ peoples, Gentiles

አሠነየ ፡ vb, caus. & intens.– to beautify

አራዊት ፡ beasts, animals

አሳፍ ፡ Asaph

አስቆረረ ፡ to abhor

አስተዋዸዩ ፡ he accused him

አበሰ ፡ (ABBASA) to sin

አቡሁ ፡ ለእግዚእ ፡ father of the Lord

አቡሁ ፡ ለእግዚእየ ፡ father of my Lord

አቡየ ፡ my father

አብ ፡ father

አብድዩ ፡ Abdias, Obadiah

አኮ ፡ ክመ ፡ … አላ ፡ … not only … but also…

አዕረገኒ ፡ made me ascend

አውግር ፡ hills

አዘዘ ፡ he ordered

አየሱስ ፡ Jesus

አዕዋፈ፡ birds of

አዕይንተ ፡ the eyes of

አዕይንትየ ፡ my eyes

አድባር ፡ mountains

አድኅኖተከ ፡ (ADXHıNOTAKA) your (thy)

salvation

አጋእዝት ፡ lords

አፍላግ/አፍላገ ፡ rivers
ኢተሐውር፡ you will not come

ኢሰምዑ ፡ they did not hear

ኢቆመ ፡ he does not stand

ኢታብአነ ፡ do not lead us

ኢኮነ ፡ is not, was not

ኢኮንከ ፡ you are not/thou art not

ኢየሩሳሌም ፡ Jerusalem

ኢይመውት ፡ will/would not die

ኢገብረ ፡ he has not done

ኢጓሕላወ ፡ (ÎGwÂHHLÂWA) he does not

slander
ኤታን ፡ Ethan
እለ ፡ (ıLLA) who? (pl.) who, rel. pl. እሁበከ ፡ I will give you

እማዕምቅ ፡ out of the depths

እም- (prefix) from, out of

እምላህቡ ፡ from its heat

እምላዕሌየ፡ from on me

እምስድስቱ ፡ ሰማያት፡ from the sixth

heaven

እምቅመ ፡ ገጽከ ፡ away from your/thy



face/presence

እምቅድሜየ ፡ before me (in time)

እምኀበ ፡ whence, from where

እምአድያም ፡ from the extremities of

the land

እምወርቅ ፡ than gold

እምዝ ፡ from this

እምዝ ፡ ዓለም ፡ out of this world

እምየ ፡ my mother

እምደም ፡ from blood

እምድኅረ ፡ after this, postquam

እምገጸ ፡ from the face of, from in

front of

እረክብ ፡ I (should/ might) find

እርአይ ፡ see

እሰይ ፡ Jesse, Isay

እሳት ፡ fire

እስመ ፡ for, because

እስከ ፡ until

እስከ ፡ ኀበ ፡ as far as, up to

እስክንድር፡ Alexander

እስጢፋኖስ ፡ Stephen

እነጽሕ ፡ I shall be clean

እንስሳ ፡ cattle

እንበቆም ፡ Inbaqom = Habbakuk

እንተ ፡ she

እንዘ፡ … እንዘ ፡… when…,(then) …

እኩይ ፡ evil

እዴሁ ፡ his hand

እድ ፡ hand

እግዚአብሔር ፡ the Lord, God

እግዝእትነ ፡ Our Lady

እፎ ፡ (question word) How?

እጐለ ፡ men


14. K ከኩኪካኬክኮ-for Kw, see below.
ከመ ፡ as, that, like, etc.

ከሢት ፡ revelation

ከዋክብት ፡ stars

ከፈላ፡ divided it/her


ካህናቲከ ፡ your (thy) priests

ካህናት ፡ priests

ካኑ ፡ they were, they became
ክርስቶስ ፡ Christ
ኮነ፡ was
15. W ወዉ ዊዋዌውዎ

ወ፡ and (prefixed to following word)

ወሀበ ፡ he gave

ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ Bearer/Mother of God

ወልድ ፡ son

ወሠሮ ፡ he cut up, sawed apart

ወርኀ፡ moon

ወሶቤሃ ፡ and then

ወንጌለ ፡ ሉቃስ ፡ the Gospel of St. Luke

ወዓዲ ፡ and again

ወኵሉ፡ (WAKwıLLU) and all
ውስተ ፡ in, etc. (constr.)

ውስተ ፡ መዛምርት ፡ in the psalms

ውእቱ ፡ he
16. “8” / “gh”– strong glottal stop ዐዑዒዓዔዕዖ
ዐመፀ ፡ (8AMMATS’-A) to act unjustly

ዐርገ ፡ he ascended

ዐቢይ ፡ / ዐቢየ ፡ great

ዐብየ ፡ to be just

ዐዚዝ ፡ obedient
ዓለም ፡ world, the world, the age
ዕለት ፡ ለዕለት፡ day to day

ዕርገት ፡ ascension

ዕርገተ ፡ ascension (constr.)

ዕርገተ ፡ ኢሳይያስ ፡ ascension of Isaias

ዕበየ ፡ great

ዕንዚራቲነ ፡ our harps

ዕቀባ ፡ ለ-፡ preserve

ዕፅ ፡ tree, wood, timber


ዖፍ ፡ bird
17. Z ዘዙዚ ዛዜዝዞ

ዘ ፡ this (masc. sing. accusative

form)

ዘ ፡ (relative) which, that,



prefixed to following word

ዘርእየ ፡ which he saw

ዘገብረ ፡ ሰማየ ፡ ወምድረ ፡ who made heaven

and earth


ዝ ፡ this (masculine singular)

ዝናም ፡ rain, dew


18. Y የዩዪያዬይ ዮ

የማኑ ፡ its/his right-hand side


ያንብር ፡ (that)he (should) place

ያዕቆብ ፡ Jacob


ይሁዳ ፡ Judah, Judaea

ይበቍል ፡ (YıBAQwıL) grows

ይበውእ ፡ shall pierce

ይቤ፡ he said, he spoke

ይብሎ ፡ speaking

ይትባክ ፡ blessed be

ይትቀበር ፡ was buried

ይትናገር ፡ spoke together with

ይትወለጥ ፡ he was transformed

ይትወሠር ፡ was being sawn in half

ይወርድ ፡ it is dropping, falling
ዮም ፡ day (=መዓልት ፡)
19. D ደዱዲዳዴ ድዶ

ደመና ፡ clouds

ደቂቀ ፡ እስራኤል ፡ the sons of Israel

ደኃሪት ፡ generation

ደክመ ፡ to be tired
ዲበ ፡ down on top of

ዳዊት ፡ David

ዳግምorሞ: second
ድንግል ፡ ቅድት ፡ the Holy Virgin
20. G ገጉጊጋጌግጎ - for Gw, see below.
ገብረ ፡ he made/created/did

ገብሩ ፡ his servant

ገብርከ ፡ your (thy)servant

ገዳም ፡ desert, wilderness


ጉርአ ፡ a place in N.Ethiopia from

which the Gurage/Gurâgeña lang-uage (Amharic: ጉራጌኛ) is named


ጊዜ ፡ time, occasion

ጊዮርጊስ ፡ George, St. George


ግዕዝ፡ the Ethiopic language, Gı8ıZ,

Ge‘ez

ጎየ / ጎዋየ ፡ to flee


21. T’ (strong “gluey” t) ጠጡጢጣጤጥጦ
ጠል/ጠለ ፡ dew, juice, rain

ጠቢበ ፡ ጠቢባን፡ the wisest of the wise


ጥበበ ፡ wisdom

22. P ጰጱጲጳጴጵጶ


ጳጳሳት፡ spiritual fathers, bishops

ጳጳስነ፡ (PÂPÂSNA) our father, bishop


23. TS ጸጹጺጻ ጼጽጾ
ጸሎቱ ፡ his prayer

ሓፊ ፡ scribe

ጸሓፌ ፡ scribes
ጽሑፉን ፡ they are written

ጽሑፍ ፡ it is written

ጽሕሙ ፡ (his) beard

ጽርሐ ፡ temple

ጽኑዓነ ፡ powerful (acc. pl.)

ጽዮን ፡ Zion


24. TS’ ፀፁፂፃፄ ፅፆ
ፀሓይ ፡ the sun

ፀርነ ፡ our enemies

ፀጋሙ ፡ its/his left-hand side
ፃእ ፡ come out

25. F ፈፉፊፋፌ ፍፎ


ፈላስያን ፡ strangers

ፍቁር ፡ the Beloved, “Dilectus”


Additional letters:
26. KwA ኰ - ኲኳኴኵ -

ኲሎ ፡ ጊዜ ፡ always

ኵሉ፡ (KwıLLU) all

ኵሎሙ ፡ (KwıLLOMU) all of them


27. QwA ቈ - ቊቋቌቍ -
(Cf. Amharic: ቋንቋ - QwÂNQw - language)
28. XHwA ኈ - ኊኋኌኍ -
ኈልቍ ፡ (XHwALQw) number

29. GwA ጐ - ጒጓጔጕ -

ጕሕሉት ፡ (GwıHHLUT) lying, deceit

መመመመመመመመመመመመመመመመመመመመመመመመመመ



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