particularly for the man, as the woman in any case is only the
passive part.
How lost, how incomprehensible a part of humanity has become
today can be seen from the fact that mothers in socalled 'good '
society can not seldom be heard to say that they are glad to have
found their child a husband who has sown his wild oats, etc.
Since there is hardly any lack of these, but rather the contrary,
the poor girl will be happy to find one of these wornout
Siegfrieds, and the children will be the visible result of this
'sensible' marriage. If we bear in mind that, aside from this,
propagation as such is limited as much as possible, so that Nature
is prevented from making any choice, since naturally every
creature, regardless how miserable, must be preserved, the only
question that remains is why such an institution exists at all any
more and what purpose it is supposed to serve? Isn't it exactly the
same as prostitution itself? Hasn't duty toward posterity passed
completely out of the picture? Or do people fail to realize what a
curse on the part of their children and children's children they are
heaping on themselves by such criminal frivolity in observing the
ultimate natural law as well as our ultimate natural obligation?
Thus, the civilized peoples degenerate and gradually perish.
And marriage cannot be an end in itself, but must serve the one
higher goal, the increase and preservation of the species and the
race. This alone is its meaning and its task.
Under these conditions its soundness can only be judged by the
way in which it fulfills this task. For this reason alone early
marriage is sound, for itgives the young marriage that strength
from which alone a healthy and resistant offspring can arise. To
be sure, it can be made possible only by quite a number of social
conditions without which early marriage is not even thinkable.
Therefore, a solution of this question, small as it is, cannot occur
without incisive measures of a social sort. The importance of
these should be most understandable at a time when the 'social'
republic, if only by its incompetence in the solution of the
housing question, simply prevents numerous marriages and thus
encourages prostitution.
Our absurd way of regulating salaries, which concerns itself
much too little with the question of the family and its sustenance,
is one more reason that makes many an early marriage
impossible.
Thus, a real fight against prostitution can only be undertaken if a
basic change in social conditions makes possible an earlier
marriage than at present can generally take place. This is the very
first premise for a solution of this question.
In the second place, education and training must eradicate a
number of evils about which today no one bothers at all. Above
all, in our present education a balance must be created between
mental instruction and physical training. The institution that is
called a Gymnasium today is a mockery of the Greek model. In
our educational system it has been utterly forgotten that in the
long run a healthy mind can dwell only in a healthy body.
Especially if we bear in mind the mass of the people, aside from
a few exceptions, this statement becomes absolutely valid.
In preWar Germany there was a period in which no one
concerned himself in the least about this truth. They simply went
on sinning against the body and thought that in the onesided
training of the 'mind,' they possessed a sure guaranty for the
greatness of the nation. A mistake whose consequences began to
be felt sooner than was expected. It is no accident that th
Bolshevistic wave never found better soil than in places
inhabited by a population degenerated by hunger and constant
undernourishment: in Central Germany, Saxony, and the Ruhr.
But in all these districts the socalled intelligentsia no longer
offers any serious resistance to this Jewish disease, for the simple
reason that this intelligentsia is itself completely degenerate
physically, though less for reasons of poverty than for reasons of
education. In times when not the mind but the fist decides, the
purely intellectual emphasis of our education in the upper classes
makes them incapable of defending themselves, let alone
enforcing their will. Not infrequently the first reason for personal
cowardice lies in physical weaknesses.
The excessive emphasis on purely intellectual instruction and the
neglect of physical training also encourage the emergence of
sexual ideas at a much too early age. The youth who achieves the
hardness of iron by sports and gymnastics succumbs to the need
of sexual satisfaction less than the stayathome fed exclusively
on intellectual fare. And a sensible system of education must
bear this in mind. It must, moreover, not fail to consider that the
healthy young man will expect different things from the woman
than a prematurely corrupted weakling.
Thus, the whole system of education must be so organized as to
use the boy's free time for the useful training of his body. He has
no right to hang about in idleness during these years, to make the
streets and moviehouses unsafe; after his day's work he should
steel and harden his young body, so that later life will not find
him too soft. To begin this and also carry it out, to direct and
guide it, is the task of education, and not just the pumping of so
called wisdom. We must also do away with the conception that
the treatment of the body is the affair of every individual. There
is no freedom to sin at the cost of posterity and hence of the race.
Parallel to the training of the body, a struggle against the
poisoning of the soul must begin. Our whole public life today is
like a hothouse for sexual ideas and stimulations. Just look at the
bill of fare served up in our movies, vaudeville and theaters, and
you will hardly be able to deny that this is not the right kind of
food, particularly for the youth. In shop windows and billboards
the vilest means are used to attract the attention of the crowd.
Anyone who has not lost the ability to think himself into their
soul must realize that this must cause great damage in the youth.
This sensual, sultry atmosphere leads to ideas and stimulations at
a time when the boy should have no understanding of such
things. The result of this kind of education can be studied in
presentday youth, and it is not exactly gratifying. They mature
too early and consequently grow old before their time.
Sometimes the public learns of court proceedings which permit
shattering insights into the emotional life of our fourteen and
fifteenyearolds. Who will be surprised that even in these age
groups syphilis begins to seek its victims? And is it not
deplorable to see a good number of these physically weak,
spiritually corrupted young men obtaining their introduction to
marriage through bigcity whores?
No, anyone who wants to attack prostitution must first of all help
to eliminate its spiritual basis. He must clear away the filth of the
moral plague of bigcity ' civilization ' and he must do this
ruthlessly and without wavering in the face of all the shouting
and screaming that will naturally be let loose. If we do not lift the
youth out of the morass of their presentday environment, they
will drown in it. Anyone who refuses to see these things supports
them, and thereby makes himself an accomplice in the slow
prostitution of our future which, whether we like it or not, lies in
the coming generation. This cleansing of our culture must be
extended to nearly all fields. Theater, art, literature, cinema,
press, posters, and window displays must be cleansed of all
manifestations of our rotting world and placed in the service of a
moral political, and cultural idea. Public life must be freed from
the stifling perfume of our modern eroticism, just as it must be
freed from all unmanly, prudish hypocrisy. In all these things the
goal and the road must be determined by concern for the
preservation of the health of our people in body and soul. The
right of personal freedom recedes before the duty to preserve the
race.
Only after these measures are carried out can the medical
struggle against the plague itself be carried through with any
prospect of success. But here, too, there must be no half
measures; the gravest and most ruthless decisions will have to be
made. It is a halfmeasure to let incurably sick people steadily
contaminate the remaining healthy ones. This is in keeping with
the humanitarianism which, to avoid hurting one individual, lets
a hundred others perish. The demand that defective people be
prevented from propagating equally defective offspring is a
demand of the clearest reason and if systematically executed
represents the most humane act of mankind. It will spare millions
of unfortunates undeserved sufferings, and consequently will
lead to a rising improvement of health as a whole. The
determination to proceed in this direction will oppose a dam to
the further spread of venereal diseases. For, if necessary, the
incurably sick will be pitilessly segregateda barbaric measure
for the unfortunate who is struck by it, but a blessing for his
fellow men and posterity. The passing pain of a century can and
will redeem millenniums from sufferings.
The struggle against syphilis and the prostitution which prepares
the way for it is one of the most gigantic tasks of humanity,
gigantic because we are facing, not the solution of a single
question, but the elimination of a large number of evils which
bring about this plague as a resultant manifestation. For in this
case the sickening of the body is only the consequence of a
sickening of the moral, social, and racial instincts.
But if out of smugness, or even cowardice, this battle is not
fought to its end, then take a look at the peoples five hundred
years from now. I think you will find but few images of God,
unless you want to profane the Almighty.
But how did they try to deal with this plague in old Germany?
Viewed calmly, the answer is really dismal. Assuredly,
government circles well recognized the terrible evils, though
perhaps they were not quite able to ponder the consequences; but
in the struggle against it they failed totally, and instead of
thoroughgoing reforms preferred to take pitiful measures. They
tinkered with the disease and left the causes untouched. They
submitted the individual prostitute to a medical examination,
supervised her as best they could, and, in case they established
disease, put her in some hospital from which after a superficial
cure they again let her loose on the rest of humanity.
To be sure, they had introduced a 'protective paragraph'
according to which anyone who was not entirely healthy or cured
must avoid sexual intercourse under penalty of the law. Surely
this measure is sound in itself, but in its practical application it
was almost a total failure. In the first place, the woman, in case
she is smitten by misfortuneif only due to our, or rather her,
educationwill in most cases refuse to be dragged into court as a
witness against the wretched thief of her healthoften under the
most embarrassing attendant circumstances. She, in particular,
has little to gain from it; in most cases she will be the one to
suffer mostfor she will be struck much harder by the contempt
of her loveless fellow creatures than would be the case with a
man. Finally, imagine the situation if the conveyor of the disease
is her own husband. Should she accuse him? Or what else should
she do?
In the case of the man, there is the additional fact that
unfortunately he often runs across the path of this plague after
ample consumption of alcohol, since in this condition he is least
able to judge the qualities of his 'fair one,' a fact which is only
too well known to the diseased prostitute, and always causes her
to angle after men in this ideal condition. And the upshot of it all
is that the man who gets an unpleasant surprise later can, even by
thoroughly racking his brains, not remember his kind
benefactress, which should not be surprising in a city like Berlin
or even Munich. In addition, it must be considered that often we
have to deal with visitors from the provinces who are completely
befuddled by all the magic of the big city.
Finally, however: who can know whether he is sick or healthy?
Are there not numerous cases in which a patient apparently cured
relapses and causes frightful mischief without himself suspecting
it at first?
Thus, the practical effect of this protection by legal punishment
of a guilty infection is in reality practically nil. Exactly the same
is true of the supervision of prostitutes; and finally, the cure
itself, even today, is dubious. Only one thing is certain: despite
all measures the plague spread more and more, giving striking
confirmation of their ineffectualness.
The fight against the prostitution of the people's soul was a
failure all along the line, or rather, that is, nothing at all was
done.
Let anyone who is inclined to take this lightly just study the basic
statistical facts on the dissemination of this plague, compare its
growth in the last hundred years, and then imagine its further
developmentand he would really need the simplicity of an ass to
keep an unpleasant shudder from running down his back.
The weakness and halfheartedness of the position taken in old
Germany toward so terrible a phenomenon may be evaluated as a
visible sign of a people's decay. If the power to fight for one's
own health is no longer present, the right to live in this world of
struggle ends. This world belongs only to the forceful 'whole'
man and not to the weak 'half ' man.
One of the most obvious manifestations of decay in the old Reich
was the slow decline of the cultural level, and by culture I do not
mean what today is designated by the word ' civilization.' The
latter, on the contrary, rather seems hostile to a truly high
standard of thinking and living.
Even before the turn of the century an element began to intrude
into our art which up to that time could be regarded as entirely
foreign and unknown. To be sure, even in earlier times there
were occasional aberrations of taste, but such cases were rather
artistic derailments, to which posterity could attribute at least a
certain historical value, than products no longer of an artistic
degeneration, but of a spiritual degeneration that had reached the
point of destroying the spirit. In them the political collapse,
which later became more visible, was culturally indicated.
Art Bolshevism is the only possible cultural form and spiritual
expression of Bolshevism as a whole.
Anyone to whom this seems strange need only subject the art of
the happily Bolshevized states to an examination, and, to his
horror, he will be confronted by the morbid excrescences of
insane and degenerate men, with which, since the turn of the
century, we have become familiar under the collective concepts
of cubism and dadaism, as the official and recognized art of those
states. Even in the short period of the Bavarian Republic of
Councils, this phenomenon appeared. Even here it could be seen
that all the official posters, propagandist drawings in the
newspapers, etc., bore the imprint, not only of political but of
cultural decay.
No more than a political collapse of the present magnitude would
have been conceivable sixty years ago was a cultural collapse
such as began to manifest itself in futurist and cubist works since
1900 thinkable. Sixty years ago an exhibition of socalled
dadaistic 'experiences' would have seemed simply impossible and
its organizers would have ended up in the madhouse, while today
they even preside over art associations. This plague could not
appear at that time, because neither would public opinion have
tolerated it nor the state calmly looked on. For it is the business
of the state, in other words, of its leaders, to prevent a people
from being driven into the arms of spiritual madness. And this is
where such a development would some day inevitably end. For
on the day when this type of art really corresponded to the
general view of things, one of the gravest transformations of
humanity would have occurred: the regressive development of
the human mind would have begun and the end would be
scarcely conceivable.
Once we pass the development of our cultural life in the last
twentyfive years in review from this standpoint, we shall be
horrified to see how far we are already engaged in this
regression. Everywhere we encounter seeds which represent the
beginnings of parasitic growths which must sooner or later be the
ruin of our culture. In them, too, we can recognize the symptoms
of decay of a slowly rotting world. Woe to the peoples who can
no longer master this disease!
Such diseases could be seen in Germany in nearly every field of
art and culture. Everything seemed to have passed the high point
and to be hastening toward the abyss. The theater was sinking
manifestly lower and even then would have disappeared
completely as a cultural factor if the Court Theaters at least had
not turned against the prostitution of art. If we disregard them
and a few other praiseworthy examples, the offerings of the stage
were of such a nature that it would have been more profitable for
the nation to keep away from them entirely. It was a sad sign of
inner decay that the youth could no longer be sent into most of
these socalled ' abodes of art 'a fact which was admitted with
shameless frankness by a general display of the pennyarcade
warning: 'Young people are not admitted!'
Bear in mind that such precautionary measures had to be taken in
the places which should have existed primarily for the education
of the youth and not for the delectation of old and jaded sections
of the population. What would the great dramatists of all times
have said to such a regulation, and what, above all, to the
circumstances which caused it? How Schiller would have flared
up, how Goethe would have turned away in indignation!
But after all, what are Schiller, Goethe, or Shakespeare compared
to the heroes of the newer German poetic art? Old, outworn,
outmoded, nay, obsolete. For that was the characteristic thing
about that period: not that the period itself produced nothing but
filth, but that in the bargain it befouled everything that was really
great in the past. This, to be sure, is a phenomenon that can
always be observed at such times. The baser and more
contemptible the products of the time and its people, the Lore it
hates the witnesses to the greater nobility and dignity of a former
day. In such times the people would best like to efface the
memory of mankind's past completely, so that by excluding
every possibility of comparison they could pass off their own
trash as 'art.' Hence every new institution, the more wretched and
miserable it is, will try all the harder to extinguish the last traces
of the past time, whereas every true renascence of humanity can
start with an easy mind from the good achievements of past
generations; in fact, can often make them truly appreciated for
the first time. It does not have to fear that it will pale before the
past; no, of itself it contributes so valuable an addition to the
general store of human culture that often, in order to make this
culture fully appreciated, it strives to keep alive the memory of
former achievements, thus making sure that the present will fully
understand the new gift. Only those who can give nothing
valuable to the world, but try to act as if they were going to give
it God knows what, will hate everything that was previously
gives and would best like to negate or even destroy it.
The truth of this is by no means limited to the field of general
culture, but applies to politics as well. Revolutionary new
movements will hate the old forms in proportion to their own
inferiority. Here, too, we can see how eagerness to make their
own trash appear to be something noteworthy leads to blind
hatred against the superior good of the past. As long, for
example, as the historical memory of Frederick the Great is not
dead, Friedrich Ebert can arouse nothing but limited amazement.
The hero of SansSouci is to the former Bremen saloon keeper
approximately as the sun to the moon; only when the rays of the
sun die can the moon shine. Consequently, the hatred of all new
moons of humanity for the fixed stars is only too
comprehensible. In political life, such nonentities, if Fate
temporarily casts power in their lap, not only besmirch and
befoul the past with untiring zeal, but also remove themselves
from general criticism by the most extreme methods. The new
German Reich's legislation for the defense of the Republic may
pass as an example of this.
Therefore, if any new idea, a doctrine, a new philosophy, or even
a political or economic movement tries to deny the entire past,
tries to make it bad or worthless, for this reason alone we must be
extremely cautious and suspicious. As a rule the reason for such
hatred is either its own inferiority or even an evil intention as
such. A really beneficial renascence of humanity will always
have to continue building where the last good foundation stops. It
will not have to be ashamed of using already existing truths. For
the whole of human culture, as well as man himself is only the
result of a single long development in which every generation
contributed and fitted in its stone. Thus the meaning and purpose
of revolutions is not to tear down the whole building but to
remove what is bad or unsuitable and to continue building on the
sound spot that has been laid bare.
Thus alone can we and may we speak of the progress of
humanity. Otherwise the world would never be redeemed from
chaos, since every generation would be entitled to reject the past
and hence destroy the works of the past as the presupposition for
its own work.
Thus, the saddest thing about the state of our whole culture of the
preWar period was not only the total impotence of artistic and
cultural creative power in general, but the hatred with which the
memory of the greater past was besmirched and effaced. In
nearly all fields of art, especially in the theater and literature, we
began around the turn of the century to produce less that was new
and significant, but to disparage the best of the old work and
represent it as inferior and surpassed; as though this epoch of the
most humiliating inferiority could surpass anything at all. And
from this effort to remove the past from the eyes of the present,
the evil intent of the apostles of the future could clearly and
distinctly be seen. By this it should have been recognized that
these were no new, even if false, cultural conceptions, but a
process of destroying all culture, paving the way for a
stultification of healthy artistic feeling: the spiritual preparation
of political Bolshevism. For if the age of Pericles seems
embodied in the Parthenon, the Bolshevistic present is embodied
in a cubist monstrosity.
In this connection we must also point to the cowardice which
here again was manifest in the section of our people which on the
basis of its education and position should have been obligated to
resist this cultural disgrace. But from pure fear of the clamor
raised by the apostles of Bolshevistic art, who furiously attacked
anyone who didn't want to recognize the crown of creation in
them and pilloried him as a backward philistine, they renounced
all serious resistance and reconciled themselves to what seemed
after all inevitable. They were positively scared stiff that these
halfwits or scoundrels would accuse them of lack of
understanding; as though it were a disgrace not to understand the
products of spiritual degenerates or slimy swindlers. These
cultural disciples, it is true, possessed a very simple means of
passing off their nonsense as something God knows how
important: they passed off all sorts of incomprehensible and
obviously crazy stuff on their amazed fellow men as a socalled
inner experience, a cheap way of taking any word of opposition
out of the mouths of most people in advance. For beyond a doubt
this could be an inner experience; the doubtful part was whether
it is permissible to dish up the hallucinations of lunatics or
criminals to the healthy world. The works of a Moritz von
Schwind, or of a Bocklin, were also an inner experience, but of
artists graced by God and not of clowns.
Here was a good occasion to study the pitiful cowardice of our
socalled intelligentsia, which dodged any serious resistance to
this poisoning of the healthy instinct of our people and left it to
the people themselves to deal with this insolent nonsense. In
order not to be considered lacking in artistic understanding,
people stood for every mockery of art and ended up by becoming
really uncertain in the judgment of good and bad.
All in all, these were tokens of times that were getting very bad.
As another disquieting attribute, the following must yet be stated:
In the nineteenth century our cities began more and more to lose
the character of cultural sites and to descend to the level of mere
human settlements. The small attachment of our present bigcity
proletariat for the town they live in is the consequence of the fact
that it is only the individual's accidental local stopping place, and
nothing more. This is partly connected with the frequent change
of residence caused by social conditions, which do not give a
man time to form a closer bond with the city, and another cause
is to be found in the general cultural insignificance and poverty
of our presentday cities per se.
At the time of the wars of liberations the German cities were not
only small in number, but also modest as to size. The few really
big cities were mostly princely residences, and as such nearly
always possessed a certain cultural value and for the most part
also a certain artistic picture. The few places with more than fifty
thousand inhabitants were, compared to presentday cities with
the same population, rich in scientific and artistic treasures When
Munich numbered sixty thousand souls, it was already on its way
to becoming one of the first German art centers; today nearly
every factory town has reached this number, if not many times
surpassed it, yet some cannot lay claim to the slightest real
values. Masses of apartments and tenements, and nothing more
How, in view of such emptiness, any special bond could be
expected to arise with such a town must remain a mystery. No
one will be particularly attached to a city which has nothing more
to offer than every other, which lacks every individual note and
in which everything has been carefully avoided which might
even look like art or anything of the sort.
But, as if this were not enough, even the really big cities grow
relatively poorer in real art treasures with the mounting increase
in the population. They seem more and more standardized and
give entirely the same picture as the poor little factory towns,
though in larger dimensions. What recent times have added to the
cultural content of our big cities is totally inadequate. All our
cities are living on the fame and treasures of the past. For
instance, take from presentday Munich everything that was
created under Ludwig I,l and you will note with horror how poor
the addition of significant artistic creations has been since that
time. The same is true of Berlin and most other big cities.
The essential point, however, is the following: our big cities of
today possess no monuments dominating the city picture, which
might somehow be regarded as the symbols of the whole epoch.
This was true in the cities of antiquity, since nearly every one
possessed a special monument in which it took pride. The
characteristic aspect of the ancient city did not lie in private
buildings, but in the community monuments which seemed
made, not for the moment, but for eternity, because they were
intended to reflect, not the wealth of an individual owner, but the
greatness and wealth of the community. Thus arose monuments
which were very well suited to unite the individual inhabitant
with his city in a way which today sometimes seems almost
incomprehensible to us. For what the ancient had before his eyes
was less the humble houses of private owners than the
magnificent edifices of the whole community. Compared to them
the dwelling house really sank to the level of an insignificant
object of secondary importance.
Only if we compare the dimensions of the ancient state structures
with contemporary dwelling houses can we understand the
overpowering sweep and force of this emphasis on the principle
of giving first place to public works. The few still towering
colossuses which we admire in the ruins and wreckage of the
ancient world are not former business palaces, but temples and
state structures; in other words, works whose owner was the
community. Even in the splendor of late Rome the first place was
not taken by the villas and palaces of Individual citizens, but by
the temples and baths, the stadiums, circuses, aqueducts,
basilicas, etc., of the state, hence of the whole people.
Even the Germanic Middle Ages upheld the same guiding
principle, though amid totally different conceptions of art. What
in antiquity found its expression in the Acropolis or the Pantheon
now cloaked itself in the forms of the Gothic Cathedral. Like
giants these monumental structures towered over the swarming
frames wooden, and brick buildings of the medieval city, and
thus became symbols which even today, with the tenements
climbing higher and higher beside them, determine the character
and picture of these towns. Cathedrals, town halls, grain markets,
and battlements are the visible signs of a Inception which in the
last analysis was the same as that of antiquity.
Yet how truly deplorable the relation between state buildings and
private buildings has become today! If the fate of Rome should
strike Berlin, future generations would some day admire the
department stores of a few Jews as the mightiest works of our era
and the hotels of a few corporations as the characteristic
expression of the culture of our times. Just compare the
miserable discrepancy prevailing in a city like even Berlin
between the structures of the Reich and those of finance and
commerce Even the sum of money spent on state buildings is
usually laughable and inadequate. Works are not built for
eternity, but at most for the need of the moment. And in them
there is no dominant higher idea. At the time of its construction,
the Berlin Schloss was a work of different stature than the new
library, for instance, in the setting of the present time. While a
single battleship represented a value of approximately sixty
millions, hardly half of this sum was approved for the first
magnificent building of the Reich, intended to stand for eternity,
the Reichstag Building. Indeed, when the question of interior
furnishings came up for decision, the exalted house voted against
the use of stone and ordered the walls trimmed with plaster; this
time, I must admit, the parliamentarians did right for a change:
stone walls are no place for plaster heads.
Thus, our cities of the present lack the outstanding symbol of
national community which, we must therefore not be surprised to
find, sees no symbol of itself in the cities. The inevitable result is
a desolation whose practical effect is the total indifference of the
bigcity dweller to the destiny of his city.
This, too, is a sign of our declining culture and our general
collapse. The epoch is stifling in the pettiest utilitarianism or
better expressed in the service of money. And we have no call for
surprise if under such a deity little sense of heroism remains. The
present time is only harvesting what the immediate past has
sown.
All these symptoms of decay are in the last analysis only the
consequences of the absence of a definite, uniformly
acknowledged philosophy and she resultant general uncertainty
in the judgment and attitude toward the various great problems of
the time. That is why, beginning in education, everyone is half
hearted and vacillating, shunning responsibility and thus ending
in cowardly tolerance of even recognized abuses. Humanitarian
bilge becomes stylish and, by weakly yielding to cankers and
sparing individuals, the future of millions is sacrificed.
How widespread the general disunity was growing is shown by
an examination of religious conditions before the War. Here, too,
a unified and effective philosophical conviction had long since
been lost in large sections of the nation. In this the members
officially breaking away from the churches play a less important
role than those who are completely indifferent. While both
denominations maintain missions in Asia and Africa in order to
win new followers for their doctrinean activity which can boast
but very modest success compared to the advance of the
Mohammedan faith in particular right here in Europe they lose
millions and millions of inward adherents who either are alien to
all religious life or simply go their own ways. The consequences,
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