Affinitet -
payvandust bilan payvandtagning yaxshi birikib tutib ketishi,
ularning tutashishi.
Payvandtag
- meva daraxtlarining madaniy navlarini payvandlash uchun
o„stirilgan urug„ ko„chatlar.
Payvandust
– payvandtakka ulanadigan madaniy daraxt qismi – kurtagi
yoki qalamchasi.
Kurtak payvandlash -
madaniy nav meva o„simligidan kesib olingan ayrim
kurtak yoki bir bo„lak novdasini ikkinchi bir o„simlikka ulash jarayoni.
Qishki payvand
-
mevali o„simliklarini bahor yoki kuzda emas qishda
(yanvar-fevral oylarida) payvand qilish.
Tokzorda tuproqka ishlov berish -
shudgor, bahorgi yumshatish,
chizellash, boronalash, qator oralarini yumshatish, sug„orish jo„yaklari olish, tup
oralarini qo„lda chopish.
185
O„g„itlash tizimi
– ekinlar turi, navi, yoshiga qarab o„g„itlash me‟yori,
muddati va usuli.
Sug„orish usullari -
hovuzcha shaklida sug„orish, egatlab sug„orish,
yomg„irlatib, tuproq ostidan, tomchilatib va ayerozol (mayda dispyers) usulida.
Atama
O„zbek tilidagi sharhi
Ingliz tilidagi sharhi
O„zbek
tilida
Rus
tilida
Ingliz
Tilida
Bir
yillik
hosil
Однолетний
урожай
Annua
cropping
O„simlikni joylashdan oldin
amaliyotda o„stiriladigan
o„simliklar bir yilgacha olingan
hosil;
The practice of growing plans for
one ear only to produce a crop
that ear, such asstrawberries,
before disposing of the plans
Eng kichik ildiz
Первичный
корен
Bare-roted
Sho„rlangan tuproqlarda
o„sadigan o„simliklar ildizi.
A plant sold with no soil around
its roots
Meva
Фрукт
Berry
Rezavor mevalarning ko„p
urug„liligi
A pulpy fruit bearing several or
many seeds
Butazor mevasi
Ягода
Bush fruit
Meva daraxtiga nisbatan
kichikroq hajmdagi daraxt, yoki
buta (krijovnik smorodina).
Any fruit which is grown on
small-medium sized bushes (eg
gooseberries, currans,
blueberries)
Ikki yilda bir
marta hosil
Урожай в два
года один раз
Biennial
bearing-
Tok (odatda amalda)
yyetishtirilganda yaxshi gullaydi
va yaxshi hosil beradi, keyingi
yili hosili va gullashi past
bo„ladi.
A tree (usually apple) that
produces a good crop of blossom
or fruit every other ear, with little
or no crop in the intervening ears
Ochilgan
g„uncha
Раскрытый
бутон
Breakingbud
Kurtak ochila boshlashi
A bud which has started to open
Shakarqamish
Тростник
Sone
Uzun va ingichka poyali, poyasi
mevasidan uzun o„simlik
A long and slender shoot arising
from the base or crown of the
plant
Markaziy lidyer
Централный
ствол
Sentralleader
Tok poyasi asosiy, markaziy
tanasi
The main vertical leader at the
centre of the tree (the trunk)
187
Xloroz
Хлороз
Shlorosis
Barglarning noodatiy sariqligi,
xlorofil etishmasligi.
Unusual ellowing or discolouring
of the leaves due to lack of
chlorophyll
SHakl berish
usuli
Формировка
кроны
Cordon
Tokni qiyalatib yoki vertikal
o„stirish.
A tree trained vertically or
obliquely (at an angle) with the
central stem pruned to produce
spurs
Ayri
Двойник
Croteh
Shoxlar orasidagi burchak va
o„simlillarni orasi.
The angle between the branch
and the trunk of the tree
Kultivatsiya
Культивация
Cultivar
Yerga ishlov berish maydoni
A „cultivated variety‟ which
originated in cultivation and not
in the wild
SHu yilning
o„suvi
Побег текушего
года
Current ears
Yangi chiqqan novda
Shoot development which has
been made this season (also „new
wood‟)
Gullash
Цветение
De-blossoming
Qayta gullash yoki gul
o„ramasligi
Removing flowers or flower
trusses to direct vigour into
vegetative growth instead of
fruits
SHoxlanish
Ветвление
De-horning
SHox singandan so„ng, qaytadan
shox chiqarish
Cutting back large, stout
branches to a point where another
branch arises
Ho„l mevasi
Свежий плод
Desert fruit
Yangiligicha iste‟mol qilinadigan
meva
Fruit which is suitable for eating
fresh
Davrdan-davrga
o„tish
Промежуточ-
ный период
Dormant periot
O„simlik o„sishidan tabiiy tinim
davriga o„tadigan vaqt
The time when plant growth has
naturally ceased over winter
Ikki maqsadda
Способ
Dual purpose
Qayta ishlanadigan yoki
Fruit which is suitable for
188
foydalanila-
digan meva
использования
плодов
fruit
yangiligicha iste‟mol qilinadigan
meva
cooking or eating fresh
Kalta tup
Кустарник
Dwarf bush
Buta ochiladigan, qisqa poyali
0,5-1,5 m bo„lgan daraxt
A tree pruned to give an open,
rounded canopy on a short 0.5-
1.5m (1.5-2ft) length stem
Kalta piramida
shaklda
Слаборослое
дерево
Dwarf pyramid
Butaladigan, markaziy poyasi
2 m bo„lgan daraxt
A tree pruned to form a conical
shape with a central, lead trunk
(central leader), about 2m
YAngi shox
Молодой побег
New wood
Joriy yil o„sgan novda
Current ear‟s growth
Eski shox
Многолетняя
ветв
Old wood
Bu yilgi shoxdan oldin o„sgan
novda
Growth produced before the
current season (usually darker in
appearance than new wood)
Danakli meva
Плоды
косточковых
Pome fruit
Qattiq daraxtlar, mevalarining
o„rtasida kichkina urug„i bo„limi
A hardy tree which bears fleshy
fruit with small seeds in the
central cavity (apples and pears)
Dastlabki shoxlar
Побег первого
порядка
Primary
branches
Asosiy poya yoki tanadan
rivojlangan birinchi shox
The first branches to develop on
the main stem or trunk
Butash
Прореживание
ветвей
Pruning
O„simlikning shoxlarini olib
tashlash.
The removal of pars of a plant to
improve its shape, encourage
fruiting or remove damaged or
diseased pars
Piramida shakl
Пирамидальная
формировка
кроны
Pyramid
Daraxtni butab, forma ko„rinishi
2 metr bo„lishi
A tree pruned to form a conical
shape over 2m (7ft) in height
Zararlangan
shoxlarni kesish
Санитарная
обрезка ветвей
Regulatory
pruning
Kuchsiz, zararlangan shoxlarni
olib tashlash
The removal of weak, diseased or
overcrowded branches
189
Tana
Штамб
Rootstock
Daraxtning pastki qismi
Removing wood to ensure a
steady supply of new shoots
Novda
Побег
Scion
Ildizsiz daraxt poyasining qismi
The non-rooting, stem part of a
tree (eg the scion variety grafted
onto a rootstock)
Ikkinchi darajali
shoxlar
Побеги второго
порядка
Secondary
branches
Birinchi yilgi shoxlarning o„sib
rivojlangan ikkinchi yilgi shox
Branches which develop on a
primary branch
To„nka
Определенная
част ствола
Snag
Kalta to„nka, g„o„la
A short stump or tear of bark left
after careless pruning
Ildiz bachki
Поросл
Spawn
Malinaning yangi o„sishi
Young growth of raspberry canes
Jadallashuv
Интенсивный
Spur
Kalta va sekin o„sadigan shox
A short and slow-growing branch
which bears fruit buds
Tana
Штамб
Stool
Ildizdan chiqqan o„simlikning
asosi
The base of the plant from where
roots and new aerial growth arise
SHoxlar to„plami
Крона
Strig
Kichik, nimjon mevali poyalar
bog„lami.
Small, delicate stems bearing
fruit clusters (eg redcurrant,
whitecurrant and blackcurrant)
YArus
Ярус
Espalier
Daraxt vertikal poyasining
cho„zilgan gorizontal shoxchalar
juftlari bilan tuganak tarkibini
hosil qilishi
A supported tree trained to form
a vertical stem with pairs of
branches stretched horizontally
toform a series of tiers
O„suvchi novda
Точка роста
побега
Extension
growth
Kurtakdan o„sgan novda
poyaning boshi
A shoot which has grown from a
bud on the tip of a stem
Mevalarni
pishishi
Созревание
плодов
Flush
Gullar yoki meva hosillari
navbatma - navbat uzoqroq
qizaradi.
A crop of flowers or fruit, which
may be followed by further
„flushes‟
190
O„simliklarni
oziqlantirish
Питание
растений
Foliar feed
Unumdor o„simliklar ustiga
kimyoviy moddalar sepiladi va
so„rish natijasiga olib keladi
A fertiliser which can be spraed
onto plans and absorbed by the
leaves
Yerkin o„sish
Свободнное
развитие
Free standing
tree
Daraxt hech qanday gorizontal
tayanchlarsiz o„sadi
A tree grown without any
horizontal suppors
Muzlash
Замораживание
Frost pocket
Qish davomida xududlarda sovuq
havoni yig„ib qirovda ham
oldingilari rivojlanadi.
An area where cold air collecs
during winter, leading to the
development of frost
Meva
Плод
Fruit
O„simlik danak yoki urug„lari
tuzilishi meva etini o„z ichiga
oladi
The seed or seeds of a plant
contained on or within a pulpy or
fleshy structure
Pishmagan meva
Несозревший
плод
Fruit let
Etilmagan meva
An immature fruit
Meva kurtagi
Почка
Fruit bud
Uzun, qalin, dumaloq g„uncha
gullarini vujudga keltiradi (va
meva hosil qiladi) ma‟lum bir
vegetativ o„suv darajada.
large, fat, rounded bud which
produces blossom (and then fruit)
rather than vegetative growth
(leaves or shoots)
Payvandlangan
o„simlik
Привитое
растение
Grafting
Hozirlangan va birgalikda
joylangan o„simlik qismlari
birgalikda o„sishi mumkin.
The preparing and placing
together of plant pars so that they
may grow together
Kurtak o„suvi
Рост почки
Growt bud
Kichkina, yassi g„uncha novda
ichidan rivojlanadi (meva
g„unchasiga qarama qarshi)
A small, flat bud which develops
into a shoot (opposite to a fruit
bud)
191
Noqulay
sharoitlarga
chidamli
Устойчивост к
неблаго-
приятным
факторам
произрастания
Hardy
Ochiq havodagi o„simlik qish
uzra hech qanday himoyasiz
yashab qolishi.
A plant which will survive
outdoors over winter without
needing protection
Asosiy shox
Централный
ствол
Headingback
Butalgan shox lidyer yoki
markaziy lidyer.
Pruning lead branches, or the
central leader
YOn tomon
Боковой побег
Lateral
Yon taraf shox yoki yon soxa
lidyer shox yoki novdadan
vujudga keladi.
A side-shoot or side-branch
arising from a lead shoot or
branch
Lidyer
Лидер
Leader
Bosh shox
A main branch
Bir yillik daraxt
Однолетнее
растение
Maiden
Bir yillik daraxt.
A one-ear-old tree
Yon shoxlar
Боковые побеги
Maiden whip
Bir yillik daraxt bo„lmagan, yon
tomondagi novdalar.
A one-ear-old tree with no lateral
shoots
Mulchalash
Мулчирование
Mulch
Organik va namlik tuproq
resurslarini saqlash
A laer of bulky organic material
(eg garden compost) placed on
the soil around the stems
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